Biologia reprodutiva de Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872) —Rodentia, Sigmodontinae— em área de floresta ombrófila mista, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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Reproductive biology of Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872)—Rodentia, Sigmodontinae—in an area of mixed forest with conifers, at Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Delomys dorsalis is restricted to the wet tropical and subtropical forests of southern and southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. The reproductive cycle of this species was studied by the histological examination of the reproductive tracts of animals caught in an area of mixed forest with conifers (29° 23′ S, 50° 23′ W), in southern Brazil, and from observations on a laboratory group of individuals. Fourteen expeditions were carried out from February 1997 to April 1998, during approximately 3 nights, using 140 live traps set on the ground and on branches between 1.5 and 2.0 m high. Reproductively active individuals were observed year round, although winter was marked by a reduction in breeding activity resulting from recruitment. Females showed a post-partum oestrus and a gestation time between 21 and 22 days. The litter size in captivity ranged from two to four, though pregnant females collected from the field had even five embryos. External reproductive features, frequently used as indicatives of the reproductive status of small mammals in ecological studies, were not accurate and underestimated the number of active animals in the population. Some individuals showed a remarkable scansorial ability that should be considered in future studies about population dynamics.

Micromamíferos (Didelphimorphia y Rodentia) del sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina): taxonomía y distribución

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Small mammals (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from southwestern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina: taxonomy and distribution. Species of small mammals from southwestern Buenos Aires Province range within a wide variety of habitats: herbaceous (Pampean District), shrubs (Monte District), steppes, and xerophytic woodlands (Espinal District). Their natural history is still poorly known. In this paper we make a synthesis of the taxonomy and distribution of the marsupials (Marmosinae) and rodents (Sigmodontinae) of southwestern Buenos Aires Province. Distributional records and taxonomical information were obtained from field survey, analyses of raptor pellets, revision of specimens housed in collections in Argentina, and literature. Between Sierra de la Ventana (38° S) and the Río Negro (41° S) occur two species of marmosines and 14 of sigmodontine rodents. Some of these species show a restricted distribution (e.g., Phyllotis xanthopygus, endemic for Sierra de la Ventana), and others are widespread (e.g. Akodon azarae or Calomys musculinus) across different phytogeographic units. A cluster analysis at local scale shows an ordination of small mammal assemblages with the topology (Sierra de la Ventana + Southern Atlantic Coast) (Espinal + Monte). The zoogeographic unicity of the Monte in the study area is evidenced by two sigmodontines, Akodon iniscatus and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus. The micromammal assemblage of Sierra de la Ventana may be characterized as pampasic. The wide distribution of A. azarae and C. musculinus may reflect the anthropic activities developed during the last century. These activities on shrub steppe have certainly diluted the original zoogeographic boundaries and allowed the dispersion of opportunistic sigmodontine species.

Distribution of Pseudoryzomys simplex (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in Argentina

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We report new records for the poorly known sigmodontine rodent Pseudoryzomys simplex in Argentina, totalizing 28 recording localities (Formosa, Chaco, and Santa Fe provinces). The southern limit of the species is about 30° S and its distribution, in Argentina, is mainly restricted to the Eastern Chaco biome.


Distribución de Pseudoryzomys simplex (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) en la Argentina. Se presentan nuevos registros para el roedor sigmodontino Pseudoryzomys simplex en Argentina, totalizando 28 localidades conocidas (provincias de Formosa, Chaco y Santa Fe). El límite sur de la especie se encontraría hacia los 30° S y su distribución, en Argentina, se restringe principalmente al Chaco oriental.

Chromosomal characterization of Irenomys tarsalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

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The systematics of I. tarsalis is far from being understood. Morphological and molecular analyses have given contradictory results, pointing towards its inclusion or exclusion from the Phyllotini. The karyotype of Irenomys tarsalis, as well as its C-bands, are reported for the first time. The species has 2n = 64 chromosomes (FN = 98) and a C-banding pattern characterized by small amounts of centromeric heterochromatin. Although the high diploid number and the C-bands of I. tarsalis support the notion of the species’ ancestral karyotypic condition, its affiliation within the sigmodontines cannot be discerned by the data.


Caracterización cromosómica de Irenomys tarsalis (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae). Las relaciones sistemáticas de I. tarsalis están poco comprendidas. Los análisis morfológicos y moleculares han dado resultados contradictorios, que indican su pertenencia o exclusión de la tribu Phyllotini. Se describe por primera vez el cariotipo de Irenomys tarsalis, así como la distribución de la heterocromatina C-positiva. La especie tiene 2n = 64 cromosomas (FN = 98) y un patrón de bandas C pequeñas y centroméricas. Si bien el alto número diploide y la distribución de la heterocromatina apoyan la condición cariotípica ancestral de I. tarsalis, su afiliación dentro de los sigmodontinos no puede ser discernida solamente por estos datos.

Sigmodontinos (Mammalia, Rodentia) del Holoceno tardío del nordeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

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Se estudiaron dos pequeñas muestras de roedores muroideos fósiles halladas en los sitios arqueológicos La Bellaca sitio 2 (34° 22′ 79″ S – 58° 39′ 53″ O) y Las Vizcacheras (34° 16′ 81″ S – 58° 48′ 65″ O). Dataciones radiocarbónicas permiten referir estos conjuntos al Holoceno tardío (1 – 0,6 ka). Los ensambles se hallan ampliamente dominados por el orizomino anfibio Holochilus brasiliensis, con frecuencias subordinadas de los akodontinos Bibimys cf. B. torresi, Necromys sp., Oxymycterus rufus y Scapteromys cf. S. aquaticus – S. tumidus. Las muestras de roedores para el Holoceno tardío del nordeste de Buenos Aires son escasas y de cronología limitada. Las especies registradas en estos agregados sugieren condiciones climáticas similares a las actuales en la región. Los conjuntos de sigmodontinos de La Bellaca sitio 2 y de Las Vizcacheras muestran elementos propios de los ambientes actualmente dominantes en el área: bañados, pequeñas lagunas, pajonales altos, selvas ribereñas y pastizales de gramíneas.


Late Holocene sigmodontines (Mammalia, Rodentia) from northeastern Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Remains of fossil muroid rodents found in La Bellaca 2 (34° 22′ 79″ S – 58° 39′ 53″ W) and Las Vizcacheras (34° 16′ 81″ S – 58° 48′ 65″ W) archeological sites were studied. These samples are Late Holocene in age (1 – 0.6 ka), according to several radiocarbon dates. The assemblages are largely dominated by the amphibious orizomyne Holochilus brasiliensis with low frequencies of the akodontines Bibimys cf. B. torresi, Necromys sp., Oxymycterus rufus and Scapteromys cf. S. aquaticus – S. tumidus. Samples of fossil muroids from the late Holocene in northeastern Buenos Aires wetlands are extremely isolated and chronologically limited. The scarce species registered in the archeological sites suggest climatic conditions similar to the present ones in the area. The sigmodontine fauna from la Bellaca 2 and Las Vizcacheras indicates an environment dominated by marshes, small fresh-water bodies, flooded grasslands and grass steppes.

Micromamíferos (Didelphimorphia y Rodentia) de Norpatagonia extra andina, Argentina: taxonomía alfa y biogeografía

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El conocimiento existente sobre los roedores y marsupiales del norte de Patagonia argentina extra andina es escaso tanto en aspectos taxonómicos, distribucionales como en la relación de las comunidades de micromamíferos con las unidades fitogeográficas. Aquí se presenta un análisis basado en el estudio de 58 localidades con información de egagrópilas de aves rapaces. Se detectaron 19 especies de roedores sigmodontinos y al menos cinco de roedores caviomorfos y dos de marsupiales marmosinos. Se revisó la taxonomía alfa y distribución de estos taxones, destacándose los problemas que aún subsisten, especialmente vinculados a los géneros Akodon, Oligoryzomys y Calomys. Numerosas y novedosas localidades se reportan aquí por primera vez, demostrando la existencia en Norpatagonia central de poblaciones relictuales para roedores típicamente restringidos al bosque de Nothofagus y estepas ecotonales (e.g., Loxodontomys micropus, Chelemys macronyx). El análisis de la riqueza específica, la diversidad y la equitatividad de los agregados indica un moderado pero significativo incremento de los valores de este a oeste, en correspondencia con el aumento de la heterogeneidad ambiental y las precipitaciones medias. La relación entre las muestras de micromamíferos y las unidades fitogeográficas (según el esquema de León et al., 1998), abordada mediante análisis de agrupamiento y ordenamiento, indica una división mayor que involucra a las localidades emplazadas en la Provincia Fitogeográfica del Monte y el Ecotono de la Península de Valdés que se separa claramente de las restantes localidades de la Provincia Fitogeográfica Patagónica. Los ensambles de micromamíferos son consistentes en delimitar unidades fitogeográficas menores, resultado que contrasta con las conclusiones de trabajos previos. Zoogeográficamente, en Norpatagonia ocurren dos grandes grupos de micromamíferos, uno con neta influencia de los bosques andinopatagónicos y el otro asociado a la diagonal árida sudamericana. Las distribuciones de las especies del primer grupo se comprimen sobre el contrafuerte andino en Norpatagonia occidental, expandiéndose progresivamente hacia el este, hasta alcanzar, en latitudes más australes, la costa atlántica. Paralelamente, las geonemias de los micromamíferos del segundo grupo exhiben un efecto simétricamente opuesto. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de emprender un plan mastozoológico integral en la Patagonia extra andina, situación imperiosa ante el avance del impacto antrópico y los cambios que este genera en los ecosistemas patagónicos.


Micromammals (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from Northern Patagonia, Argentina: alpha taxonomy and biogeography. Current knowledge of the taxonomy and distribution of rodents and marsupials from northern Extra Andean Patagonia of Argentina is scarce; the same is true regarding the relationship between micromammal communities and phytogeographic units. Here we present an analysis based on micromammals recovered from owl pellets from 58 localities. We registered 19 species of muroid native rodents and, at least, five species of caviomorph rodents and two marmosine marsupials. The review of the alpha taxonomy and distribution of these taxa allowed us to identify numerous problems related to the genera Akodon, Oligoryzomys and Calomys. Several new localities for the taxa under study are reported here. Among these, relictual populations in north central Patagonia of rodents traditionally restricted to the Nothofagus forest and western ecotonal steppes (e.g., Loxodontomys micropus, Chelemys macronyx) are worth noting. Analysis of community structure shows a moderate but significant increase of species diversity and richness across an east west gradient which is positively correlated with both environmental heterogeneity and mean precipitation. The relationship among micromammal samples and phytogeographic units (following León et al., 1998), assessed by means of cluster and ordinal analyses, indicates the existence of two main groups: one including localities located in the Monte Phytogeographic Province and Península de Valdés Ecotone and the other in the remaining localities of Patagónica Phytogeographic Province. At the same time, micromammalian assemblages are correlated with minor phytogeographic units, a result that contrasts with conclusions of previous studies. Zoogeographically, in northern Patagonia concur two main groups of terrestrial non-volant micromammals, one composed mainly of forms from Andean-Patagonian forest and the other, of forms related to the South American arid diagonal. Species of the former group have a distribution compressed against the Andes in northern Patagonia that gradually expands to the east in southern latitudes. The distribution of the species in the second group is the opposite. Finally, we note the need for an extensive mammal survey in Extra Andean Patagonia as a first step to solve the questions discussed in this work. Implementation of such a survey is mandatory if one considers the great impact of human activities on Patagonian ecosystems.