Vol. 19 Nº 1

Por ser um grupo extremamente especioso, abundante e ocupar os mais variados habitats e recursos, os morcegos têm sido considerados excelentes modelos para estudos sobre diversidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a estrutura da comunidade de morcegos em três áreas sob os domínios da Floresta Estacional Decidual, no município de Frederico Westphalen, no extremo norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. De outubro de 2005 a setembro de 2006, cada área recebeu esforço amostral de uma noite por mês do pôr ao nascer do sol. Em 36 noites de trabalho foram obtidas um total de 511 capturas de morcegos de 15 espécies e três famílias. Vespertilionidae apresentou sete espécies, seguida de Phyllostomidae com seis e Molossidae com duas espécies. O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis revelou não haver diferenças significativas entre as três áreas. Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810) e Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) foram as espécies mais capturadas, com 52.4% e 34.4% de abundância relativa, respectivamente. As espécies frugívoras representaram 90.5% do total de capturas, seguidos pelos insetívoros com 9.3% e carnívoros com apenas 2%. Não houve diferenças significativas na composição da comunidade entre os meses e nem entre as estações do ano, sugerindo ausência de variações sazonais. As curvas de acumulação e de rarefação de espécies indicam que com a continuidade dos esforços o número de espécies continuaria aumentando. A ocorrência de espécies consideradas raras no sul do Brasil reforça a importância dos fragmentos florestais para a manutenção da diversidade da fauna de morcegos.

Bat community structure in a Seasonal Deciduous Forest fragment in southern Brazil. Because of their being extremely specious, abundant and occupying the most diverse habitats and food resources, bats have been considered excellent models for diversity studies. This study aimed to describe the bat community structure in three sites in the Seasonal Deciduous Forest of the city of Frederico Westphalen, in northern Rio Grande do Sul state. From October 2005 to September 2006, each of the three sites received a monthly sampling effort of one night from dusk to dawn. In 36 nights of field work were obtained a total of 511 catches of 15 species of bats and three families. Vespertilionidae presented seven species, followed by six Phyllostomidae and Molossidae with two species. The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no significant differences between sites. Sturnira lilium and Artibeus lituratus were the main species caught, with 52.4% and 34.4% relative abundance, respectively. Frugivorous species accounted for 90.5% of the total catch, followed by insectivores with 9.3% and carnivores with only 2%. There were no significant differences in community composition between months and even between the seasons, suggesting the absence of seasonal variations. The curves of accumulation and rarefaction of species indicate that with the continuing efforts the number of species continue to grow. The occurrence of species considered rare in southern Brazil reinforces the importance of forest fragments to maintain the diversity of the bat faunas.

Foram examinadas a composição e abundância das espécies de mamíferos atropeladas em dois trechos da rodovia BR 262, a relação dos atropelamentos com a distância de centros urbanos, a escala espacial dos atropelamentos, a distribuição dos atropelamentos segundo a sazonalidade e a relação dos atropelamentos com o número de veículos. Os animais atropelados foram registrados durante 2 anos e 4 meses entre Campo Grande e Miranda, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, sudoeste do Brasil. Ao todo foram registrados 231 espécimes de mamíferos distribuídos em 20 espécies, sendo Carnivora, Cingulata e Pilosa as principais ordens. Os atropelamentos foram mais intensos conforme o distanciamento dos grandes centros urbanos. Na análise de distribuição espacial e sazonal dos atropelamentos, Cerdocyon thous e Tamandua tetradactyla apresentaram picos definidos de atropelamentos em certos trechos da estrada, marcados sazonalmente. Não houve diferença na riqueza de espécies entre os trechos estudados nem entre as estações climáticas. Porém, o número total de atropelamentos se mostrou mais acentuado no trecho da rodovia que estava mais próximo ao Pantanal, com destaque para as ordens Carnivora e Pilosa. Em geral, houve mais atropelamentos durante o período chuvoso, com destaque para a ordem Cingulata. Recomendações de manejo são feitas com o objetivo de diminuir o efeito prejudicial da estrada, tais como uso de placas sinalizadoras de locais e épocas críticas de atropelamentos, uso de cercas de contenção de fauna em trechos críticos e facilitação para a movimentação da fauna através da rodovia, de modo seguro.

Spatial and seasonal variation of mammal road kill in the BR-262 highway, Cerrado biome, southwestern Brazil. The composition and abundance of mammal road kills were examined on two stretches of the BR-262 Federal Road, besides relationship between city distance and road kill, road-kill spatial distribution, seasonality effects, and relationship with vehicles daily volume. The killed animals were registered over 2 years and 4 months, between Campo Grande and Miranda, in southwestern Brazil. A total of 231 mammal specimens was found, which were distributed in 20 species, being Carnivora, Cingulata and Pilosa the main orders. The road-kill frequency was more intense far from big urban centers. Analyzing the spatial distribution of road kills, Cerdocyon thous and Tamandua tetradactyla showed defined peaks of road kill, in specific sites of the road, being also seasonally marked. There were no differences in the species richness between road stretches or between seasons. However, the number of road kills was higher in the stretch near the Pantanal biome, with emphasis on Carnivora and Pilosa. Overall, there were more road kills during the rainy season, with Cingulata as the main order. Management recommendations are done in order to diminish the road impact, such as the use of road sign in critical locations for road kills, use of fences for faunal contention in critical stretches, and facilitation of faunal movements for crossing safely the road.

El ciervo de los pantanos (Blastocerus dichotomus) está categorizado Vulnerable a nivel mundial y En Peligro en Argentina. Estudiamos la distribución de la especie en la provincia de Corrientes (Argentina), utilizando el método de entrevistas a informantes claves. Sobre una imagen satelital del área de estudio trazamos un grillado de cuadrículas de 30 × 30 km; luego cada cuadrícula fue dividida en 4 subcuadrículas de 15 × 15 km. Se realizó al menos una entrevista por subcuadrícula. Se totalizaron 148 entrevistas, relevándose 45 cuadrículas. En 27 cuadrículas se obtuvo al menos una entrevista positiva. En base a esta información se elaboró un mapa de distribución de la especie. Encontramos que la especie se distribuye en aproximadamente el 27.55% de la superficie total de la provincia (excluyendo el área de Reserva Provincial Natural del Iberá). Consideramos que es requisito imprescindible para la supervivencia de las poblaciones silvestres del ciervo en Corrientes la conservación de los sistemas de humedales naturales.

Contributions to the knowledge of the geographic distribution of the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in the province of Corrientes, Argentina. The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is considered Vulnerable worldwide and Endangered in Argentina. We studied the distribution of the species in Corrientes Province, Argentina, utilizing the method of key informant surveys. We divided the study area on a satellite image into squares of 30 × 30 km, each square was then divided into 4 sub-squares of 15 × 15 km. We were able to make at least one survey for each sub-square. A hundred and forty-eight surveys were conducted in a total of 45 squares. We obtained a positive survey in 27 squares. Based on this data we created a distribution map of the deer. We found that the species is distributed in approximately 27.55% of the total area of the province (excluding “Lagunas y Esteros del Iberá” Natural Provincial Reserve). We believe that conservation of natural wetlands systems is required for the survival of wild populations of deer in Corrientes.

La utilidad de los modelos predictivos de distribución a la hora de ofrecer representaciones fiables está seriamente cuestionada cuando se trata de especies con pocas localidades conocidas. En este trabajo proponemos que, sin embargo, técnicas como estas pueden servir de ayuda para el diseño de futuros muestreos destinados a colectar nuevas observaciones de este tipo de especies y, con limitaciones, para evaluar el posible grado de disminución en el área de distribución original debido a los cambios en el uso del suelo. Utilizando tres técnicas de modelación distintas que únicamente utilizan datos de presencia fiables, este trabajo busca identificar áreas favorables con capacidad para albergar poblaciones no detectadas de las especies menos conocidas de mamíferos no voladores de la provincia de Misiones, República Argentina. También se analiza el grado de retracción que han podido sufrir las áreas potenciales de distribución con los cambios en el uso del suelo.

The use of predictive distribution models for planning surveys of little known species. The usefulness of predictive distribution models to provide a reliable representation is seriously questioned in the case of species with few well known localities. However, we propose in this paper that these techniques may be valuable for the design of future samplings devoted to collect new observations of little known species and, with limitations, to evaluate the possible extent of decrease in the original distribution area due to land use changes. With three different modelling techniques that use only reliable presence data, this study identified favourable areas with the capacity to support undetected populations of the lesser known species of non-flying mammals in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The probable degree of contraction in potential distribution area due to land use changes is also estimated.

We studied the temporal patterns of mineral lick use by lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and paca (Cuniculus paca) at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, a lowland rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador. Using 24-hour camera and video traps set at two different mineral licks, we documented the frequency of mineral lick use and the influence of weather and lunar conditions on mineral lick visitations by the two species. Based on 888 nights of mineral-lick monitoring, we found that both Tapirus terrestris and Cuniculus paca visit the licks frequently throughout the year. Mineral-lick visitation was not a seasonal behaviour, but rather was influenced heavily by short-term environmental correlates (e.g., dry weather). Although visits by tapir and paca occurred strictly at night, neither lunar phase generally nor the period of lunar visibility each night influenced visitation patterns. This study documents the use of mineral licks by two Neotropical mammals and suggests that these areas provide key resources to multiple species of mammals in the Neotropics.

Patrones de visita a saladeros por el tapir (Tapirus terrestris) y la paca (Cuniculus paca) en la selva amazónica de Ecuador. Este estudio describe los patrones temporales de visita a saladeros por el tapir (Tapirus terrestris) y la paca (Cuniculus paca) en la Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, un bosque húmedo tropical en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Por medio de cámaras trampa ubicadas en dos saladeros documentamos la frecuencia de visita a estos lugares por tapires y pacas, y evaluamos la posible influencia de condiciones del clima y del ciclo lunar en sus patrones de visita y uso de los saladeros. A partir de 888 noches de muestreo de los saladeros, se encontró que tanto Tapirus terrestris como Cuniculus paca visitan los saladeros frecuentemente durante todas las épocas del año. La visita a los saladeros por estas especies no fue estacional, sino que estuvo fuertemente influida por factores climáticos a más corto plazo (p.e., días secos). Las visitas de tapires y pacas a los saladeros tuvieron lugar casi exclusivamente durante la noche, y ni el ciclo lunar ni la presencia visible de la luna parecieron influir sobre los patrones de visita de estas especies. Este estudio documenta el uso de saladeros por estas dos especies de mamíferos neotropicales, contribuyendo a la hipótesis que sostiene que los saladeros son áreas importantes para múltiples especies de mamíferos del Nuevo Mundo.

Very little is known concerning small mammal ecology and their distribution in the highlands of Guatemala. Small mammals were trapped from five different cloud forests in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Cloud forest elevations ranged from 2600 m to 3350 m. Most sites had evidence of human disturbance, with only Cerro Bobí having a relatively pristine forest. A total of 13 species was recorded with the species density at sites ranging from six to ten. Accounts of each species are given. The most common species present was Reithrodontomys sumichrasti, except at Cerro Bobí where Peromyscus guatemalensis was most abundant. Differences between years and between seasons (wet versus dry) were minor. Only the site at Cerro Bobí, with relatively pristine cloud forest, appeared to have a species composition that resembled other cloud forests in the highlands of Guatemala. Information on reproduction is summarized.

Comunidades de pequeños mamíferos en la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Se sabe muy poco sobre la ecología y distribución de micromamíferos en las tierras altas de Guatemala. Los micromamíferos fueron capturados en cinco diferentes bosques nubosos de la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Las elevaciones de los sitios de muestreo oscilaron entre los 2600 y los 3350 m. La mayoría de los sitios tenían evidencia de perturbación humana, excepto por Cerro Bobí que tenía un bosque relativamente prístino. Se registraron 13 especies con densidad de especies entre sitios de seis a diez. Las especies más comunes presentes fueron Reithrodontomys sumichrasti, excepto en el Cerro Bobí, donde Peromyscus guatemalensis fue la especie más abundante. Las diferencias entre años y entre estaciones (húmeda versus seca) no fueron significativas. Sólo el sitio en el Cerro Bobí, con bosque nuboso relativamente prístino, parece tener una composición de especies similar a otros bosques nubosos de tierras altas de Guatemala. Adicionalmente, se presentan datos sobre las especies capturadas, incluyendo información reproductiva.

Nuestro estudio tuvo como fin brindar información acerca de la diversidad de mamíferos que habitan en el Centro de Investigación Wayqecha y en los Bosques Montanos del Parque Nacional del Manu. Para esto desarrollamos relevamientos en cuatro localidades del valle de Kcosñipata entre junio y julio del 2007, en un gradiente altitudinal entre los 1250 a 3600 m. Para el registro de mamíferos usamos técnicas de captura (redes de niebla, trampas de golpe y trampas pitfall) y técnicas de detección directa e indirecta (recorridos, búsqueda de rastros, entrevistas). El esfuerzo de captura fue de 3520 trampas/noche y 397 redes/noche. Registramos 32 especies de mamíferos para el Centro de Investigación Wayqecha y 62 para el valle de Kcosñipata: 6 de ellas son nuevos registros para el valle; 28 ampliaron sus rangos de distribución altitudinal conocidos; 10 se encuentran bajo alguna Categoría de Amenaza en la legislación peruana e internacional, 12 bajo presión de Comercio Internacional; 7 son endémicas para los Bosques Montanos y 3 para el Perú. El grupo más diverso fue el de los roedores; el murciélago Sturnira erythromos y el roedor Nephelomys levipes fueron los más abundantes en el valle de Kcosñipata. Los patrones de distribución altitudinal observados para todos los grupos de mamíferos demuestran la variación indicada por la Regla de Stevens y lo mismo ocurre cuando se analizan los murciélagos solamente; sin embargo, marsupiales y roedores evidenciaron una tendencia coherente con el modelo de «Efecto Dominio Medio».

Diversity of mammals in the mountain forest of Kcosñipata valley (Cusco, Peru). Our study was designed to provide information about the diversity of mammals that inhabit in the Wayqecha Research Center and the Mountain Forest of the Manu National Park. For this, we made assessments in four sites of Kcosñipata valley during June and July of 2007, in an altitudinal gradient between 1250 to 3600 m. For registration of mammals we used capture techniques (mist nets, snap traps, pitfall traps) and detection techniques, direct and indirect (long walk, tracks, interviews). Capture’s effort was 3520 trap-nights and 397 mist net – nights. We recorded 32 species of mammals for Wayqecha Research Center and a total of 62 for Kcosñipata Valley: 6 of them are new records for the valley, 28 expanded their known altitudinal ranges, 10 are under some threat category in national and international legislation, 12 are under pressure from International Trade, 7 are endemic to mountain forests, and 3 are endemic to Peru. The most diverse group was the rodents, while the bat Sturnira erythromos and the rodent Nephelomys levipes were most abundant in the Kcosñipata valley. Patterns of altitudinal distribution observed for all groups of mammals and bats showed the same variation that the Stevens’s rule; however for the group of marsupials and rodents we observed the tendency indicated for the model “mid-domain effect”.

Many methods of age determination have been used to date. However, most of them require laboratory procedures which are, in general, not available for wildlife managers in the field. In this paper we attempt to standardize the age categories for six mammal species through the analysis of dental wear, dental eruption and body mass. We analyzed 632 skulls, including Mazama nemorivaga (brown brocket deer), Mazama americana (red brocket deer), Tayassu pecari (white-lipped peccary), Pecari tajacu (collared peccary), Cuniculus paca (paca) and Dasyprocta leporina (agouti). Using biological and morphological criteria we define four age categories: young, sub adult, adult and senescent adult. Scores and variables of molar cusp wear and eruption were defined for each age category within each species. We found significant differences in mean weights among age categories for D. leporina (F = 81.1; df = 3; p < 0.05), C. paca (F = 39.0; df = 3; p < 0.05), P. tajacu (F = 24.6; df = 3; p < 0.05) and M. americana (F = 30.6; df = 3; p < 0.05), suggesting that body mass can be a complementary criterion for estimating age. Despite being less quantitative than methods such as those which use deposition of cementum layers, the method described here proved to be an efficient tool for field researchers and managers in the Brazilian Amazon. Although similar methods have already been applied in the study of hunted mammals in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon, it is the first time such a method is described in detail and therefore it can be easily used in future works.

Testando critérios simples de estimativa de idade para seis espécies de mamíferos comumente caçados na amazônia brasileira. Muitos métodos para estimativa de idade de mamíferos têm sido utilizados ultimamente. Entretanto, a maioria deles requerem procedimentos laboratoriais, que geralmente, não estão disponíveis em campo. Neste artigo nós definimos categorias de idade para seis espécies de mamíferos através da análise de desgaste dentário, erupção dentária e massa corporal. Nós analisamos 632 crânios, incluindo Mazama nemorivaga (veado cinza), Mazama americana (veado vermelhor), Tayassu pecari (queixada), Pecari tajacu (cateto), Cuniculus paca (paca) and Dasyprocta leporina (cotia). Usando critérios biológicos e morfológicos nós definimos quatro categorias de idade para cada espécie: jovem, sub-adulto, adulto e adulto senescente. Foram definidos padrões de desgaste e erupção dos molares para cada categoria de idade para cada uma das espécies analisadas. Nós encontramos diferenças significativas das médias de peso entre as categorias de idade para as espécies D. leporina (F = 81.1; df = 3; p < 0.05), C. paca (F = 39.0; df = 3; p < 0.05), P. tajacu (F = 24.6; df = 3; p < 0.05) and M. americana (F = 30.6; df = 3; p < 0.05), sugerindo que a massa corporal pode ser usada como um critério complementar de estimativa de idade. Embora seja um método menos quantitativo do que aqueles citados com mais frequência na literatura, como deposição de bandas de cementum, o método descrito neste artigo mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente para pesquisadores e manejadores em trabalhos de campo na Amazônia brasileira. Embora métodos similares já tenham sido utilizados em estudos de caça, é a primeira vez que esta metodologia é descrita em detalhes, podendo ser replicada em outros estudos semelhantes.

La época seca reduce el tirante de agua en sistemas fluviolagunares del sur del Golfo de México asociados a grandes ríos y limita el acceso al alimento en manatíes antillanos (Trichechus manatus manatus) que permanecen en estos sistemas. Para determinar si la actividad de los animales cambia entre las temporadas de secas (baja disponibilidad de alimento) y lluvias, se registraron los desplazamientos y el intervalo respiratorio de manatíes equipados con radiotransmisores tipo VHF, en dichas temporadas, en «Laguna de las Ilusiones», Tabasco, México, en sesiones de 40 minutos, intercalando las observaciones entre mañana y tarde. El trabajo se realizó en 2009, en los meses de mayo a julio (secas) y de septiembre a noviembre (lluvias). Las observaciones se hacían a 200 m del animal. El promedio de desplazamientos en secas fue 739.3  ±  163.8 m (n = 5) y para lluvias 928.4 ± 252.2 m (n = 23). En secas el intervalo respiratorio fue 144.39 ± 19.57 segundos (n = 5) y en lluvias de 40.37 ± 9.114 segundos (n = 25); la variabilidad se estimó generando submuestras bootstrap (n = 1000) a partir de las muestras originales. Se obtuvieron 500 submuestras de 5 elementos de los resultados de lluvias y se contrastaron con las muestras de secas con la Prueba Poderosa de Rangos Ordenados, obteniéndose diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) en 64 y 433 de las 500 simulaciones para los desplazamientos e intervalo respiratorio. Los datos apoyan la idea de que los manatíes estuvieron menos activos en secas. El estrés energético en la época seca puede ser minimizado por una reducción en la actividad para economizar energía; sin embargo, esta baja de actividad hace a los manatíes más propensos a las colisiones con embarcaciones y otras amenazas.

Breath rate and displacement in Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus (Mammalia: Sirenia), comparison among dry and rainy seasons in an isolated lake. Dry season reduces water level in fluvial-lake systems associated to large rivers at southern Gulf of Mexico, limiting the available food for Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) that remain on these systems. To determine if manatee’s activity changes among dry (reduced food availability) and rainy season, we registered the extension of movements and breath interval from radio-tagged manatees (VHF system) on each season at “Laguna de las Ilusiones”, Tabasco, Mexico, on sessions 40 min long, alternating between morning and afternoon. The study was conducted in 2009, from May to July (dry season) and from September to November (rainy season). Observations were registered at ca. 200 m from the animal. Mean value of movements at the dry season was 739.3 ± 163.8 m (n = 5) and 928.4 ± 252.2 m (n = 23) for rains. On dry season, the breath interval was 144.39 ± 19.57 sec (n = 5) and 40.37 ± 9.114 sec (n = 25) for rains. Variability was estimated by 1000 bootstrap subsamples. Five-hundred subsamples of five elements from the rains were contrasted with dry samples through a Two-Sample Fligner-Policello Robust Rank Order Test. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in 64 and 433 of the 500 simulations for movements and breath interval. Data support the idea that manatees are less active on the dry season. Energetic stress on dry season could be minimized by lowering their activity; however, this renders manatees prone to collisions with boats and other threats.

La vicuña es un camélido silvestre que comparte con los otros camélidos del altiplano un rol clave en ese ecosistema y además tiene un alto valor cultural en la cosmovisión de los pueblos andinos. Suripujio (Jujuy) es una zona donde se practica una economía de subsistencia basada en el pastoreo de ganado (ovejas y llamas) y donde las vicuñas conviven además del ganado con burros asilvestrados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del hábitat de las vicuñas y el ganado doméstico, en relación a la oferta de recursos en el área de Suripujio, provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Se determinó la oferta de recursos forrajeros y su variación temporal, analizando el tamaño, la variación en el espacio, la cobertura y composición de cada unidad de vegetación, y los cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del hábitat de los herbívoros bajo estudio. Los resultados mostraron que en la temporada húmeda aumentó la oferta forrajera del estrato bajo tanto en vegas como en estepas arbustivas. En las estepas arbustivas, la carga animal sobrepasó la capacidad de carga definida para ese ambiente; y se registró una segregación espacial entre las vicuñas y el ganado doméstico, mientras que la vega fue un ambiente seleccionado tanto por las vicuñas como por el ganado. El manejo ganadero revela carencias que disminuyen la productividad de este ecosistema, con potencialidad para un manejo de vicuñas.

Habitat use by vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) in an agro-pastoral system in Suripujio, Jujuy. The vicuña is a wild camelid with a key role in the altiplano ecosystem as well as in the cosmovision of Andean communities. In Suripujio (Jujuy) the local economy is based on herding sheep and llamas, in an area shared with vicuñas, livestock and feral donkeys. The general objective of this work was to analyse the spatial and temporal change in the use of habitat by vicuñas and livestock in relation to the resource availability in the Suripujio area, Jujuy Province, Argentina. The forage offer and its seasonal variation were determined by measuring the size, its variation in space, and its cover and composition in each vegetation unit. The results showed that in the rainy season the forage offer increased, especially at the lowest vegetation level both in the vegas and the shrub steppe. The stocking rate surpassed the steppe carrying capacity, and vicuñas and livestock were spatially segregated. The vega was the preferred area for both wild vicuñas and livestock. Livestock management revealed some deficiencies which decrease the potential productivity of the ecosystem; still, there are conditions for a potential vicuña management.

Se caracterizaron algunos aspectos de los ataques del jaguar sobre el ganado en el municipio de Puerto Carreño (Dept. Vichada, Colombia). El ganado porcino fue el más depredado (90%), seguido por el ganado equino (6.8%) y el vacuno (1.7%). El jaguar seleccionó el ganado porcino frente al resto de ganado (χ² = 103.9; df = 1, p < 0.0001) y los bosques frente a la sabana para realizar sus ataques (χ² = 15.5, df = 1, p < 0.0001). El 65% de los individuos depredados eran menores de un año. En el 42% de las fincas consideradas se mató al jaguar. Se sugieren medidas para reducir los ataques de jaguar a ganado doméstico.

Jaguar (Panthera onca) predation on livestock in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia. Some aspects of jaguar attacks on livestock were characterized through interviews in the municipality of Puerto Carreño (Dept. Vichada, Colombia). The most predated species was the domestic pig (90%, n = 54), followed by horses (6.8%, n = 5) and cattle (1.7%, n = 1). Jaguar selected pigs against other species (χ² = 103.9; df = 1, p < 0.0001) and also selected forest against the savannah for their attacks (χ² = 15.5, df = 1, p < 0.0001). Jaguars were killed in 42% of the ranches evaluated. Measures to reduce attacks on domestic livestock are suggested.

Some large-seeded plants depend heavily on agoutis for seedling recruitment. The importance of Dasyprocta leporina as seed disperser of the Atlantic Forest palm Astrocaryum aculeatissimum was evaluated using camera-traps and seed removal experiments. Agoutis were registered at 67% of the records obtained through the monitoring of mature fruits; palms were visited from 07:00 to 18:45 h. Dispersal distances ranged from 0.5 to 48.7 m (mean ± sd = 6.8 ± 9.1 m) and most of the removed seeds were buried (57.8%). These results corroborate the importance of agoutis for the seed dispersal of Astrocaryum palms.

A cutia Dasyprocta leporina (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) como dispersor de sementes da palmeira Astrocaryum aculeatissimum. Algumas plantas de sementes grandes são fortemente dependentes de cutias para o recrutamento de suas plântulas. A importância de Dasyprocta leporina como dispersora de sementes da palmeira da Mata Atlântica Astrocaryum aculeatissimum foi avaliado com o uso de armadilhas fotográficas e experimentos de remoção de sementes. Cutias foram observadas em 67% dos registros obtidos durante o monitoramento de frutos maduros; as palmeiras foram visitadas entre 07:00 e 18:45 h. As distâncias de dispersão variaram de 0.5 a 48.7 m (media ± dp = 6.8 ± 9.1 m) e a maioria das sementes removidas foram enterradas (57.8%). Estes resultados confirmam a importância de cutias para a dispersão de sementes de palmeiras do gênero Astrocaryum.

Esta nota reporta el rapto y adopción de una cría por parte de una hembra de lobo fino sudamericano Arctocephalus australis durante el parto, con el posterior rechazo a su propio cachorro. La cría fue raptada cuando se encontraba junto a su madre, quien intentó recuperarla sin éxito. En el mes siguiente se observó a la cría amamantando de su madre y de la madre adoptiva. Este episodio aporta información sobre la alta sensibilidad de las hembras de esta especie durante el parto y el corto período de selectividad maternal que puede establecerse incluso antes del parto.

Kidnapping of a pup by a parturient female and shared care in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis. This communication reports a case of kidnapping and adoption of a pup by a South American fur seal female (Arctocephalus australis) while she was in labor, rejecting her own pup when it was born. The kidnapped pup was taken from its mother, who tried unsuccessfully to retrieve it. In the following month, the pup was observed nursing both from its mother and the adoptive female. This episode provides new insights into the high maternal sensitivity during parturition and the short period of maternal selectivity that can be established even before birth in this species.

O zogue-zogue cinza escuro (Callicebus cinerascens; Primates; Pitheciidae) é uma das espécies menos estudadas entre os primatas neotropicais, ocorrendo nos interflúvios Aripuanã-Roosevelt e Tapajós-Juruena, na Amazônia Brasileira. Os limites de sua distribuição, especialmente os limites leste e sul, ainda são desconhecidos. Baseado em quatro inventários de primatas distintos, nós mostramos várias novos registros de ocorrência desta espécie ao sul de sua distribuição geográfica. O conhecimento sobre primatas silvestres nesta região é completamente ausente. Estas populações recentemente descobertas estão sobre severa ameaça, uma vez que os remanescentes de florestas nativas encontram-se altamente fragmentados devido ao grave histórico de desmatamento da região. Os resultados deste estudo significativamente aumentam o número de registros conhecidos de C. cinerascens, indicando uma considerável extensão da distribuição geográfica deste táxon.

New records of Callicebus cinerascens (Spix, 1823) with an extension of its geographical distribution. The ashy black titi monkey (Callicebus cinerascens; Primates; Pitheciidae) is one of the least known Neotropical primate species occurring in the Aripuanã-Roosevelt and Tapajós-Juruena interfluves in Brazilian Amazonia. Its distribution limits, especially those to the east and south, remain imprecise. In this paper, based on four independent primate field sampling, we present several new occurrences in the south of the C. cinerascens’ geographic distribution. The knowledge of existing primates in this area is entirely absent and these recently discovered populations are under severe threat, since the remaining habitats are highly fragmented due to the historical deforestation rates of this area. The results of this study significantly increased the number of records known to C. cinerascens, indicating a considerable extension of the geographical distribution of this taxon.

We present new records of Peropteryx leucoptera from two localities in the Colombian Llanos. For this species these records constitute both the northernmost record and the first time it has been found in a different ecosystem such as the savannas of the Orinoco. In addition we report the first record of P. pallidoptera from the eastern Andean slopes in the Amazonian foothills of Colombia, which constitutes the northernmost known record for this species.

Nuevo registros de Peropteryx leucoptera y primer registro de Peropteryx pallidoptera (Chiroptera–Emballonuridae) para Colombia. Presentamos nuevos registros de Peropteryx leucoptera de dos localidades de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Para esta especie, estos reportes constituyen los registros más al norte y la primera vez que es encontrada en un ecosistema diferente como lo son las sabanas del Orinoco. Adicionalmente presentamos el primer registro de P. pallidoptera en la vertiente oriental de los Andes, piedemonte amazónico de Colombia, que constituye el registro más al norte que se conoce de esta especie.

Reportamos un nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla para la Región de Atacama, Chile. Se basa en ejemplares fotografiados por cámaras de movimiento en el Parque Nacional Nevado Tres Cruces y sus alrededores, y por restos óseos y de fecas encontrados en laderas de cerros, ya sea con pendiente abrupta o con rodados, ambas formaciones con cuevas de mediano tamaño. No existen reportes científicos para esta especie en la Región de Atacama en los últimos cincuenta años. Se analiza el estado de conservación de la especie a la luz de los nuevos hallazgos de poblaciones en Chile y Argentina.

New record of Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) from the Atacama Region, Chile. Implications for conservation. We report a new record of Chinchilla chinchilla for the Atacama Region, Chile. It is based on pictures of specimens taken by camera-traps in the Nevado Tres Cruces National Park and around, and remains of feces and bones found along mountain borders with abrupt slopes or rocky outcrops; both formations exhibited medium size caves. There are not scientific reports of this species in the Atacama Region in the last fifty years. We analyze the conservation status of this species in the light of the new records of populations from Chile and Argentina.

Verónica C. Andreo | Variables ambientales en la dinámica espacial de Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (huésped del virus Andes) en la región noroeste de Chubut, Argentina

Andrés Arias Alzate | Distribución geográfica potencial actual y futura del jaguar (Panthera onca) en Colombia: implicaciones para su conservación

Natália Lima Boroni Martins | Richness and abundance of rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia) in owl pellets of karst region of central Minas Gerais, Brazil

Flavia Caruso | Evaluacion biológica y social ante la posible reintroducción de yaguareté Panthera onca en la Reserva Natural Iberá, Corrientes

M. Paula Cruz | Densidad, uso del hábitat y patrones de actividad diaria del tapir (Tapirus terrestris) en el corredor verde de Misiones, Argentina

Erika Cuéllar Soto | Ecology and conservation of the guanaco Lama guanicoe in the Bolivian Gran Chaco: habitat selection within a vegetation succession

M. Verónica Damino | Murciélagos cavernícolas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina

Ana C. Delciellos | Effects of habitat fragmentation on non-volant small mammals in Macacu river watershed, RJ, Brazil: from individuals to communities

M. Laura Gelin Spessot | Análisis demográfico de la respuesta poblacional de Akodon azarae al parasitismo de la mosca Rogenhofera bonaerensis (Diptera, Cuterebridae)

M. Victoria Lantschner | Efecto de las forestaciones sobre el uso de hábitat y la disponibilidad de recursos de mamíferos carnívoros nativos en el NO patagónico

M. Fernanda López Berrizbeitia | Diversidad de murciélagos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) en la ciudad de Lules, Tucumán

Ángela M. Mejía-G. y D. Paola Londoño-S. | Uso del hábitat e importancia de los parches de bosque y corredores ribereños para carnívoros en un paisaje fragmentado en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

M. Feranda Negri | Estudio de la biología y ecología del delfín franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei, y su interacción con la pesquería costera en la provincia de Buenos Aires

Natalia Ortiz | Estructura genética poblacional de Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia, Cricetidae) en la provincia de Chubut

M. Victoria Panebianco | Análisis de los niveles de metales pesados (Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni y Cd) y aspectos reproductivos del delfín franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei)

Maria Sagot | Unraveling ecological effects on social behavior: insights from tent-roosting bats

Tatiana Sánchez | Revisión de las especies del género Ctenomys (Mammalia, Rodentia, Ctenomyidae) de la provincia de Tucumán, Argentina

Talia M. Zamboni | Actualización y optimización de la estimación del tamaño poblacional del venado de las pampas, Ozotoceros bezoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758), en la región del Aguapey, Corrientes

Revisión de Carnivores of the World. Luke Hunter, 2011. Princeton University Press, Princeton y Oxford, 240 pp.