Diet variation of the marsupials Didelphys aurita and Philander frenatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in a rural area of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

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We studied the natural diet of two didelphid marsupial species, Didelphis aurita and Philander frenatus, at a rural area on southeastern Brazil, through fecal sample analysis. Data analysis included intraspecific comparisons (age, gender, and climatic seasons) and interespecific comparisons. Frequencies of food items were compared with other studies to analyze diet differences in a spatial scale. Invertebrates were the most frequent food category found in samples of both species, followed by fruits and vertebrates. There were no differences in the consumption of invertebrates, vertebrates and fruits between sexes in the two species, but both consumed more fruits in more humid months. Juveniles of P. frenatus consumed less vertebrates than adults or subadults. P. frenatus consumed more vertebrates than D. aurita, which exhibited a higher diversity of fruits in its diet. These differences represent an important factor in diminishing intraspecific competition. Among different localities, invertebrates are the more common items in the diet of both species, being a fundamental alimentary resource, whereas fruit consumption seems to be smaller in the areas where water is less available (areas with longer periods or higher hidric deficits), probably reflecting availability of this food resource.


Variación en la dieta de los marsupiales Didelphis aurita y Philander frenatus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) en un área rural del estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Estudiamos la dieta natural de dos especies de marsupiales Didelfideos, Didelphis aurita y Philander frenatus, en un área rural del sudeste brasilero, a través del análisis de muestras fecales. El análisis de los datos incluyó comparaciones intraespecíficas (edad, género, estaciones climáticas) y comparaciones interespecíficas. Las frecuencias de los ítems alimenticios fueron comparadas con otros estudios para identificar diferencias en la escala espacial. Los invertebrados fueron la categoría más encontrada en las muestras de las dos especies, seguidos por frutos y vertebrados. No hubo diferencias en el consumo de invertebrados, vertebrados y frutos entre los sexos para las dos especies, pero ambas consumieron más frutas en los meses más húmedos. Los juveniles de P. frenatus consumieron menos vertebrados que los adultos o subadultos. Philander frenatus consumió más vertebrados que D. aurita, quien exhibió una mayor diversidad de frutos que P. frenatus en su dieta. Estas diferencias representan un factor importante en la disminución de las competencias interespecífica e intraespecífica. En las diferentes localidades los invertebrados son el ítem más común en las dietas de las dos especies, siendo un recurso fundamental, mientras que el consumo de frutos parece ser menor en áreas con una menor disponibilidad de agua (áreas con periodos de sequía mayores o mayor déficit hídrico), posiblemente reflejando la disponibilidad de este recurso.

Home ranges of Philander frenata and Akodon cursor in a Brazilian restinga (coastal shrubland)

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Home ranges of Philander frenata (= P. opossum) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) and Akodon cursor (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) in Barra de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, were estimated and analysed in relation to sex, age, both dry and wet, and breeding and nonbreeding seasons, and correlated with population densities and body weight. In P. frenata, home ranges were predominantly affected by the breeding season, while in A. cursor they were mostly affected by sex. There was no correlation between body weight and home range size within species. No effects of population densities on home range size were found in both species, but we detected an increase in the number of overlapping points of capture with the increase of population densities. Females of A. cursor presented territoriality while males did not. This seems to be a general behaviour in akodontines. Males would have contact with many females, and females would defend nesting and food resources. In P. frenata, neither females nor males seemed to be territorial, presenting a mating system without permanent
couples.