Keyword: dry forest

A diversidade de pequenos mamíferos do Boqueirão da Onça, na Caatinga do Estado da Bahia, revelada pela maior caverna do Brasil, a Toca da Boa Vista

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Cavernas são cavidades naturais subterrâneas formadas pela ação da água propícias ao acúmulo de restos de vertebrados. Na Caatinga do Estado da Bahia, a Toca da Boa Vista (TBV) destaca-se como a maior caverna do Brasil, localizada numa região coberta por floresta estacional, campos rupestres e áreas antropizadas, conhecida como Boqueirão da Onça. No presente estudo foram analisados materiais craniomandibulares e dentes de pequenos mamíferos coletados sobre o piso da TBV provenientes, em sua maior parte, das pelotas da coruja suindara (Tyto furcata). Foram registradas 31 espécies, incluindo sete de Didelphimorphia (Didelphidae), 14 de Rodentia (Caviidae, Echimyidae, Cricetidae e Muridae) e 10 de Chiroptera (Furipteridae, Natalidae, Phyllostomidae e Vespertilionidae). Todas essas espécies têm ocorrência conhecida para a Caatinga. A distribuição de Holochilus oxe é ampliada para o Estado da Bahia. Foram identificadas espécies ameaçadas (e.g., Thylamys karimii, Kerodon rupestris e Furipterus horrens), restritas aos limites do bioma ou a áreas de transição (Marmosops incanus e Pseudoryzomys simplex) e de hábitos florestais (e.g., Marmosa demerarae e Rhipidomys cariri). A ocorrência dessas espécies de pequenos mamíferos refletem os ambientes conservados na região do Boqueirão da Onça. Por outro lado, a presença de Mus musculus e Rattus rattus está relacionada aos ambientes antropizados próximos da TBV. Esses dados corroboram a relevância das cavernas como fonte de material para estudos sobre pequenos mamíferos e ampliam o conhecimento sobre a fauna da região do Boqueirão da Onça, uma das áreas mais representativas da Caatinga.

Small mammal diversity of the Boqueirão da Onça, Caatinga in the State of Bahia, revealed in Brazil’s largest cave, Toca da Boa Vista. Caves are natural underground cavities eroded by water, where vertebrates remains accumulated. Toca da Boa Vista (TBV) in the State of Bahia has importance as the largest cave in the country and is located in Boqueirão da Onça, a region covered by seasonal forest, rocky fields, and anthropized areas. We conducted an analysis of craniomandibular and dental material of small mammals collected on the surface of this cave, deposited for the most part by the owl Tyto furcata. Thirty-one species of small mammals were recorded, including seven Didelphimorphia (Didelphidae), 14 Rodentia (Caviidae, Echimyidae, Cricetidae, and Muridae), and 10 Chiroptera (Furipteridae, Natalidae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae). All these species are known from the Caatinga. The distribution of Holochilus oxe is confirmed for Bahia. The sample includes threatened species (e.g., Thylamys karimii, Kerodon rupestris, and Furipterus horrens), restricted to bioma limits or to transitional areas (Marmosops incanus and Pseudoryzomys simplex), and ones of forest habits (e.g., Marmosa demerarae and Rhipidomys cariri). These species reflect the environments conserved within Boqueirão da Onça. On the other hand, the presence of Mus musculus and Rattus rattus is related to anthropized areas near TBV. These data support the importance of caves as a source of material for small mammals’ studies and increase the knowledge of the fauna of Boqueirão da Onça, one of the most representative areas of the Caatinga.

Graphical abstract for the article “A diversidade de pequenos mamíferos do Boqueirão da Onça, na Caatinga do Estado da Bahia, revelada pela maior caverna do Brasil, a Toca da Boa Vista” (Cherem et al., 2022)

First record of the big free-tailed bat, Nyctinomops macrotis (Chiroptera, Molossidae), for the semi-arid Caatinga scrublands of northeastern Brazil

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Nyctinomops macrotis Gray, 1840 is amply distributed in the New World, ranging between the southwestern United States and northern Argentina. In Brazil, however, most records are concentrated in the southern Atlantic Forest, with few data from other regions, and none at all from the semi-arid Caatinga scrublands of the Northeast. This study presents the first record of N. macrotis for this biome, and a major extension of the known range for this species in Brazil.

Primeiro registro do grande morcego de cauda livre, Nyctinomops macrotis (Chiroptera, Molossidae), para a Caatinga semi-árida do nordeste do Brasil. Nyctinomops macrotis Gray, 1840 é amplamente distribuído no Novo Mundo, ocorrendo entre o sudoeste dos Estados Unidos e norte da Argentina. No Brasil, no entanto, a maioria dos registros estão concentrados na porção sul da Mata Atlântica, com alguns dados de outras regiões, e nenhum registro nas áreas semi-áridas de Caatinga do Nordeste. Este trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro de N. macrotis para este bioma, e uma grande extensão da distribuição conhecida desta espécie no Brasil.

Nuevos registros y comentarios sobre la distribución del murciélago blanco común Diclidurus albus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) en Ecuador

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Presentamos nuevos registros del murciélago blanco común (Diclidurus albus) en el Ecuador occidental. Se indican seis nuevas observaciones correspondientes a las provincias de Manabí (cinco registros) y Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (uno); dos de estos registros constituyen los primeros en manglar para la especie y cinco de ellos son los más próximos al mar que se hayan documentado. La presente nota analiza la cronología de registros y discute sobre la distribución de la especie.

New records and comments on the geographic distribution of the Common Ghost Bat Diclidurus albus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) in Ecuador. New records of the Common Ghost Bat (Diclidurus albus) were obtained in western Ecuador. We report six new observations: five in Manabí Province and one in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province; two of these accounts are the first in mangrove forests for the species, and five the nearest to the sea. We report a chronological review of the Ecuadorian records and discuss about its distribution.

Mammals of the Cosigüina Peninsula of Nicaragua

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Nicaragua’s Cosigüina Peninsula, located at the northwestern tip of the country, is one of the most poorly studied biotic regions in Central America. The peninsula has been
occupied for millennia because the climate of the region supported human habitation and because of its strategic position along the rich Pacific coast. The combination of long-term occupancy by humans and the cataclysmic eruptions of Volcán Cosigüina have produced a heavily impacted landscape. During the 1960s, the University of Kansas conducted multiyear field surveys of the terrestrial mammals on the peninsula and the adjacent mainland to quantify species diversity, relationships, abundances, habitat use, and reproduction. The mammalian fauna of the peninsula contains at least 39 species of terrestrial mammals, which includes 7 orders and 17 families. These include Didelphimorphia (2 species)—Didelphidae, 2; Chiroptera (22)—Emballonuridae, 2; Noctilionidae, 1; Mormoopidae, 1; Phyllostomidae, 12; Vespertilionidae, 3; Molossidae, 3; Carnivora (4)—Procyonidae, 1; Mustelidae, 1; Felidae, 2; Perissodactyla (1)—Tapiridae, 1; Artiodactyla (1)—Cervidae, 1; Rodentia (8)—Sciuridae, 1; Heteromyidae, 1; Muridae, 5; Dasyproctidae, 1; Lagomorpha (1)—Leporidae, 1. We provide new information on distributions, systematics, morphometrics, and natural history of the species of terrestrial mammals on the Cosigüina Peninsula, including a number of new records for the peninsula. We document that diversity and abundances of mammals can be substantial in a heavily impacted landscape. In comparison with five other mammalian faunas in Nicaragua, the Cosigüina fauna is most similar in size and diversity with those from elsewhere in the Pacific lowlands. The fauna from the Cordillera los Maribios, which is composed of the volcanic peaks along the eastern edge of the Pacific Lowlands, has the lowest number of species recorded for any of the six faunas with only 21 species recorded; however, this fauna may be under sampled or the unstable environments offered by these active volcanoes may not support a large or diverse mammalian fauna. The mammalian faunas from the remaining two physiographic regions of Nicaragua—Central Highlands and Atlantic Lowlands—have larger, more diverse faunas than that of the Cosigüina Peninsula and elsewhere in the Pacific lowlands. Three reserves in Nicaragua’s Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas now protect more than one fourth of the peninsula.