Keyword: southern Brazil

Thirty-six years of research on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Londrina region, Paraná state, southern Brazil: what have we learned?

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Providing reliable databases on biodiversity is important, as they are the raw material for complex studies in ecology, biogeography and conservation. The region of Londrina, Paraná state, southern Brazil, has had its bat fauna studied since 1982, by a group of researchers from the Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, resulting in an extensive amount of data on the diversity of bats, many of which have yet to be published. Here, we compiled and reviewed all of the literature and unpublished data, and provide a database with information on richness, distribution and sampling gaps. Our compilation resulted in a list of 41 species for Londrina, 14 more species than indicated for the region in the current database “Atlantic Forest bats”. A total of 29 species were recorded within Protected Areas (Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy and Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas), in addition to other sites. Despite the long sampling time, we found that the region still lacks information on bat fauna for most of its forest remnants, especially in the northern region. The forest fragment with the greatest number of sampling nights, the Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, is still under-sampled. Our database can serve as a basis for ecological and conservation studies and to determine priority areas for future sampling efforts, using a diversity of bat sampling methods.

Trinta e seis anos de pesquisas com morcegos na região de Londrina, norte do Paraná, Brasil: o que sabemos? Fornecer bancos de dados confiáveis sobre a biodiversidade é importante, pois são a matéria-prima para estudos complexos em ecologia, biogeografia e conservação. A região de Londrina, estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil, teve sua fauna estudada desde 1982 por um grupo de pesquisadores do Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, resultando em um extenso volume de dados sobre a diversidade de morcegos, muitos dos quais ainda não foram publicados. Aqui, compilamos e revisamos toda a literatura e dados não publicados e fornecemos um banco de dados com informações sobre riqueza, distribuição e lacunas de amostragem. Nossa compilação resultou em uma lista de 41 espécies para Londrina, 14 espécies a mais do que as indicadas para a região no banco de dados atual para morcegos da Mata Atlântica. Um total de 29 espécies foram registrado em Áreas Protegidas (Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy e Parque Municipal Arthur Thomas), além de outros locais. Apesar do longo tempo de amostragem, constatamos que a região ainda carece de informações sobre a fauna de morcegos para a maioria de seus remanescentes florestais, principalmente na região norte. O fragmento florestal com maior número de noites de amostragem, o Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, ainda está subamostrado. Nosso banco de dados pode servir como base para estudos de ecologia e conservação e para determinar áreas prioritárias para futuros esforços de amostragem, usando diversos métodos de captura de morcegos.

Graphical abstract for the article “Thirty-six years of research on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Londrina region, Paraná state, southern Brazil: what have we learned?” (Blefari Batista et al., 2021)

Composition of a bat assemblage (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the natural reserve Salto Morato, east coast of Paraná, south Brazil

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Brazilian fauna is characterized by megadiverse groups. Within those, there are bats that are directly responsible for important ecosystem services, such as pollination, dispersion and pest control. Despite of their importance, there are several geographical gaps in the Brazilian bat fauna knowledge. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the composition of bat assemblage in a Conservation Unit in the Atlantic Forest biome, East Coast of Paraná state, southern Brazil. Samplings were carried out during six nights, in average, per month, between 2013 and 2014. Captures were performed by 18 mist nets installed at different heights in the forest. Reaching sampling sufficiency, we found high species richness (n = 25 spp.), which imply the important role of Conservation Units to maintain bat diversity. The high number of captures (n = 1201) can be explained by sampling in different forest heights, which may indicate the occurrence of spatial variation in habitat use. Moreover, the current results can assist the management and administration of protected areas, as well as the species conservation in situ.

Composição da assembleia de morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) na Reserva Natural Salto Morato, costa oeste do Paraná, sul do Brasil. A fauna brasileira é caracterizada por grupos megadiversos. Dentro desses grupos estão os morcegos, os quais são responsáveis por importantes serviços ecossistêmicos, como polinização, dispersão e controle de pragas. Apesar de sua importância, existem várias lacunas geográficas no conhecimento da fauna de morcegos do Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição da assembleia de morcegos em uma Unidade de Conservação no bioma Mata Atlântica, no litoral leste do Paraná, Região Sul do Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas entre 2013 e 2014, durante em media por seis noites mensais. As capturas foram realizadas por 18 redes de neblina instaladas em diferentes alturas na floresta. Atingindo a suficiência amostral, encontramos alta riqueza de espécies (n = 25 spp.), o que implica o importante papel das Unidades de Conservação na manutenção da diversidade de morcegos. O grande número de capturas (n = 1201) pode ser explicado pela amostragem em diferentes alturas na floresta, o que pode indicar ocorrência de variação espacial no uso do habitat. Além disso, os resultados atuais podem auxiliar no gerenciamento e administração de áreas protegidas, bem como na conservação de espécies in situ.

Predação de cuíca-d’água (Chironectes minimus: Mammalia, Didelphidae) por Gavião-Carijó (Rupornis magnirostris: Aves, Accipitridae)

A predação de cuíca-d’água Chironectes minimus por aves de rapina é desconhecida. Esta nota apresenta um registro de predação de C. minimus por gavião Rupornis magnirostris, ocorrido em março de 2004 no Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro, Santa Catarina, Brasil.

Predation on Water Opossum (Chironectes minimus) by Roadside Hawk (Rupornis magnirostris). The predation on Water Opossum Chironectes minimus by raptors is unknown. This note shows a predation record on C. minimus by Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris. The interaction occurred in March 2004, on Serra do Tabuleiro State Park, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Biologia reprodutiva de Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872) —Rodentia, Sigmodontinae— em área de floresta ombrófila mista, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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Reproductive biology of Delomys dorsalis (Hensel, 1872)—Rodentia, Sigmodontinae—in an area of mixed forest with conifers, at Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Delomys dorsalis is restricted to the wet tropical and subtropical forests of southern and southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. The reproductive cycle of this species was studied by the histological examination of the reproductive tracts of animals caught in an area of mixed forest with conifers (29° 23′ S, 50° 23′ W), in southern Brazil, and from observations on a laboratory group of individuals. Fourteen expeditions were carried out from February 1997 to April 1998, during approximately 3 nights, using 140 live traps set on the ground and on branches between 1.5 and 2.0 m high. Reproductively active individuals were observed year round, although winter was marked by a reduction in breeding activity resulting from recruitment. Females showed a post-partum oestrus and a gestation time between 21 and 22 days. The litter size in captivity ranged from two to four, though pregnant females collected from the field had even five embryos. External reproductive features, frequently used as indicatives of the reproductive status of small mammals in ecological studies, were not accurate and underestimated the number of active animals in the population. Some individuals showed a remarkable scansorial ability that should be considered in future studies about population dynamics.

Lista dos mamíferos do estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

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List of mammals from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. The mammal fauna from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, is one of the least known of the country. Works on terrestrial mammals are scarce and new species of aquatic mammals have been registered in the last years. For that reason, a commented list of the mammals of Santa Catarina based on data gathered from scientific collections and bibliographical references is presented. One hundred and fifty-two species of confirmed occurrence, 59 species of possible occurrence and six species/subspecies with erroneous record for the state were registered.

Fruit occurrence in the diet of the Neotropical Otter, Lontra longicaudis, in southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest and its implication for seed dispersion

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The Neotropical otter has been described as insectivorous and piscivorous-cancrivorous. We registered the presence of fruit remains in the scats of the Neotropical otter and developed an analysis about the occurrence and importance of fruits in its diet. This study was carried out from September 1995 to March 1997 in Reserva Volta Velha, an Atlantic Forest area in south Brazil. Otter scats were collected along rivers, washed, dried and analyzed. Seeds found in scats were identified by comparison with a reference collection and their viability was tested in germination ground plots. Fruit collectors helped studying the availability of these fruit species during seven months. A total of 202 scats were collected but only six (3%) presented fruit remains. Identified seeds from only four scats indicated that otters ate three fruit species: Marlierea tomentosa (Myrtaceae), Manilkara subsericea (Sapotaceae) and Pouteria lasiocarpa (Rubiaceae). The availability results indicate that all three are abundant fruit species in the study area, specially the former. In the germination experiments all seeds of M. tomentosa germinated (n = 16). Considering the daily movement pattern of the Neotropical otter, and the high germination rate of M. tomentosa, it is possible that the Neotropical otter is a seed disperser for this plant species in the study site.

Presencia de frutos en la dieta de la nutria, Lontra longicaudis, en la Mata Atlántica del sur de Brasil y su implicancia en la dispersión de semillas. La nutria, Lontra longicaudis, ha sido descrita como insectívora y piscívora/cancrívora. Constatamos la presencia de restos de frutos en esta especie y analizamos la importancia de los frutos en su dieta. Este estudio fue realizado entre septiembre 1998 a marzo 1997 en la Reserva Volta Velha, una zona de Mata Atlántica en el sur de Brasil. Los excrementos de la nutria fueran recolectados a lo largo de diferentes ríos y posteriormente limpiados, secados y analizados. Las semillas encontradas fueron identificadas por comparación con una colección de referencia; su viabilidad fue probada por germinación. Recolectores de frutos estudiaron la disponibilidad de los diferentes frutos durante siete meses. Solo seis (3%) de 202 muestras recolectadas contenían restos de frutos. Las semillas identificadas de cuatro muestras indican que las nutrias se alimentan de los frutos de tres especies: Marlierea tomentosa (Myrtaceae), Manilkara subsericea (Sapotaceae) y Pouteria lasiocarpa (Rubiaceae). Los resultados de disponibilidad indican que las tres especies de frutos encontradas son abundantes en el área de estudio, en especial la primera de ellas. En los estudios de germinación, todas las semillas de M. tomentosa germinaron (n = 16). Considerando los patrones de movimiento diario de la nutria y el alto grado de germinación de M. tomentosa, es posible que esta especie sea un dispersor de semillas de estas plantas en el área de estudio.