Eating like a girl: sex differences in the diet of the lesser grison (Galictis cuja) in southern Brazil

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The lesser grison is a hypercarnivore mustelid that is widespread in South America, inhabiting a large variety of habitats, including steppes, deserts, grasslands, forests, and swamps. However, there are few scientific data on the ecology of the species. In our study, we investigate the feeding habits of the Galictis cuja in the Brazilian Pampas by analyzing the stomach contents of road-killed individuals collected from 2013 to 2023. We identify a high consumption of mammals found in 80% of the samples, comprising 75% of the prey consumed. Amphibians, reptiles, and birds are consumed in smaller proportions. Regarding mammals, only rodents were consumed, among which Cavia sp., Holochilus brasiliensis, and Rattus sp. stand out, corresponding to 62% of biomass intake. Although there was no sexual difference in the prey consumed, we found a difference in predation rate, with males consuming more Rattus and females consuming more Cavia. As a result, males are consuming prey that is proportionally smaller (equivalent to 1/6 of their own weight) than that of females (1/3 of their own weight). This is contrary to what is expected due to the sexual dimorphism of the species; in other mustelids, males consume the larger prey.


O furão-pequeno é um mustelídeo hipercarnívoro amplamente distribuído na América do Sul, ocorrendo em uma variedade de habitats, incluindo estepes, desertos, campos, florestas e áreas úmidas. Todavia, há poucos dados científicos sobre a ecologia da espécie. Nesse estudo investigamos os hábitos alimentares de Galictis cuja na região do Pampa brasileiro, pela análise de conteúdo estomacais de indivíduos encontrados atropelados entre os anos de 2013 e 2023. Identificamos um alto consumo de mamíferos, encontrados em 80% das amostras e compreendendo 75% das presas consumidas. Anfíbios, répteis e aves são consumidos em baixas proporções. No que se refere aos mamíferos, apenas roedores foram encontrados, dentre os quais Cavia sp., Holochilus brasiliensis e Rattus sp. se destacam, correspondendo a 62% da biomassa ingerida. Apesar de não terem sido encontradas diferenças nas presas consumidas por machos e fêmeas, foram encontradas diferenças nos padrões de predação, com machos consumindo mais Rattus e fêmeas consumindo mais Cavia. Como resultado, machos consomem presas proporcionalmente menores (equivalentes a 1/6 de seu peso) do que as fêmeas (com presas equivalentes a 1/3 de seu peso). Isso é contrário ao esperado dado o dimorfismo sexual de tamanho existente nessa espécie e ao observado em outros mustelídeos, em que os machos consomem presas maiores.

Graphical abstract for the article “ Eating like a girl: sex differences in the diet of the lesser grison (Galictis cuja) in southern Brazil” (B.M. Rodrigues et al., 2024)

Foot anatomy of Chaetomys subspinosus (Caviomorpha, Erethizontidae): its significance for understanding the evolution of arboreality in neotropical porcupines

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The porcupine Chaetomys subspinosus (the ouriço-preto or thin-spined porcupine), the only species of this genus, is a caviomorph rodent pertaining to the Erethizontidae. This is a strictly arboreal folivorous species, endemic of the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Despite some contributions on its morphology and biology, its postcranial characters associated with an arboreal lifestyle are poorly known. In this contribution we performed a morphofunctional study of the foot of C. subspinosus and compared it with that of extant and extinct erethizontids. In addition, we evaluated the evolution of the foot anatomy of C. subspinosus in the context of the Erethizontidae, reconstructing the ancestral morphology of selected characters with functional significance for climbing. The anatomical and evolutionary analysis of the foot of C. subspinosus indicates that certain characters identified as highly specialized for climbing (hypertrophied medial sesamoid, reduced hallux, and medially oriented first metatarsal) would have evolved independently in the extant Neotropical porcupines. This set of characters constitutes a noticeable case of postcranial homoplasy related to the evolution of arboreal habits in caviomorphs.


Anatomía del pie de Chaetomys subspinosus (Caviomorpha, Erethizontidae): su significancia para entender la evolución del modo de vida arbóreo en los puercoespines neotropicales. El puercoespín Chaetomys subspinosus (ouriço-preto), la única especie del género, es un roedor caviomorfo perteneciente a Erethizontidae. Esta especie es estrictamente arbórea, folívora y endémica de la Mata Atlántica brasilera. No obstante la existencia de algunas contribuciones sobre su morfología y biología, sus caracteres postcraneales asociados a un estilo de vida arbóreo son poco conocidos. En esta contribución realizamos un análisis morfofuncional de la anatomía del pie de C. subspinosus y la comparamos con la de otros eretizóntidos actuales y extintos. Además, evaluamos la evolución de la anatomía del pie de C. subspinosus en el contexto de los Erethizontidae, reconstruyendo la morfología ancestral de aquellos caracteres funcionalmente significativos para trepar. El análisis anatómico y evolutivo del pie de C. subspinosus indica que ciertos caracteres identificados como altamente especializados para trepar (sesamoide medial hipertrofiado, hallux reducido y primer metatarsiano medialmente orientado) habrían evolucionado independientemente en los puercoespines neotropicales actuales. Este conjunto de caracteres constituye un notable caso de homoplasia en el postcráneo de los caviomorfos, relacionado con la evolución de los hábitos arborícolas en estos roedores.

Graphical abstract for the article “Foot anatomy of Chaetomys subspinosus (Caviomorpha, Erethizontidae): its significance for understanding the evolution of arboreality in neotropical porcupines” (Candela & García Esponda, 2024)