Keyword: Atlantic Forest

Riqueza de pequenos mamíferos não voadores em florestas de restinga do sul do Brasil

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Este estudo objetivou a caracterização da assembleia de pequenos mamíferos não voadores em termos de riqueza, abundância e sazonalidade na restinga do Parque Estadual Acaraí, localizado no nordeste de Santa Catarina. O sucesso total de captura foi de 2.78%, sendo 5.93% no inverno e 0.64% no verão. A espécie mais abundante e amplamente distribuída foi o roedor Akodon montensis (n = 71), com 56.35% dos indivíduos, seguido do roedor Nectomys squamipes (n = 42), com 33.33%, e do marsupial Marmosa paraguayana (n = 6), com 4.76%. O parque apresentou uma reduzida riqueza de espécies, ao ser comparado com outras áreas de restinga próximas.

Diversity of non-volant small mammals in Atlantic Coast restingas in the northeast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the community of non-volant small mammals in terms of richness, abundance, and seasonality in the restinga in the Parque Estadual Acaraí, state of Santa Catarina. The overall success of catch was 2.78% (5.93% in the winter and 0.64% in the summer). The most abundant and widely distributed species was Akodon montensis (n = 71), with 56.35% of the individuals, followed by Nectomys squamipes (n = 24), with 24.75%, and the marsupial Marmosa paraguayana (n = 6), with 4.76%. The park had reduced species richness compared with other nearby areas of restinga.

First record of Myotis izecksohni (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) for the Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil

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Myotis izecksohni Moratelli et al., 2011 was recently described from the Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) complex, based on samples from four localities above 700 m in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of south (Paraná) and southeastern (Rio de Janeiro) Brazil. The species is currently known only from these localities and little is known about its distributional limits, ecology and natural history. Here, we present 3 new occurrence records from Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Specimens reported here fit the qualitative and quantitative traits reported in the original description of M. izecksohni.

Primeiro registro de Myotis izecksohni (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) para a Mata Atlântica de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil. Myotis izecksohni Moratelli et al., 2011 foi recentemente descrita a partir da revisão do complexo Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821), com base em amostras de quatro localidades acima de 700 m de altitude na Mata Atlântica do Sul (Paraná) e sudeste (Rio de Janeiro) do Brasil. A espécie está atualmente registrada apenas nessas localidades e sua ecologia, história natural e limites de distribuição são pouco conhecidos. Aqui, são apresentados 3 novos registros de ocorrência para o estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil. Os caracteres qualitativos e quantitativos dos espécimes aqui examinados enquadram-se naqueles da descrição original de M. izecksohni.

Major extension of the known range of the Capixaba nectar-feeding bat, Dryadonycteris capixaba (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). Is this rare species widely distributed in eastern Brazil?

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Dryadonycteris capixaba Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi and Simmons, 2012 was described from 3 specimens originally identified as Choeroniscus minor (Peters, 1868) collected in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The present study reevaluates the geographic distribution of D. capixaba based on the re-identification of 5 specimens collected at 4 localities in northeastern Brazil, which were catalogued originally as C. minor and Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895. The identification of these new specimens of D. capixaba extends the known distribution of the species northwards by approximately 1200 km, including also cloud forest enclaves within the xeric Caatinga scrub of northeastern Brazil, which may represent isolated populations.

Importante extensión del rango geográfico conocido para el murciélago nectarívoro de Capixaba, Dryadonycteris capixaba (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ¿Está esta especie rara ampliamente distribuida en Brasil oriental? Dryadonycteris capixaba Nogueira, Lima, Peracchi and Simmons, 2012 fue descrita a partir de 3 individuos inicialmente identificados como Choeroniscus minor (Peters, 1868) colectados en el Bosque Atlántico del sudeste de Brasil. Este estudio pretende reevaluar la distribución geográfica de D. capixaba con base en la reidentificación de 5 ejemplares colectados en 4 localidades en el noreste de Brasil, que fueron catalogados originalmente como C. minor y Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895. La identificación de estos nuevos ejemplares de D. capixaba amplía la distribución conocida de la especie hacia el norte aproximadamente 1200 km, incluyendo también enclaves forestales nubosos encontrados en la Caatinga del nordeste de Brasil, que pueden representar poblaciones aisladas.

Assemblage of chiropterans in a remnant of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in southern Brazil and latitudinal patterns of species diversity in the Atlantic Forest

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Observed and expected richness, capture success, diversity, dominance, evenness and the effect of latitude on the above variables at the regional level were evaluated with regard to the chiropteran fauna of a semideciduous seasonal forest remnant in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Sampling occurred between July 2008 and June 2010 using mist nets erected at ground level. So that chiropteran fauna could be described and compared to other studies in the Atlantic Rainforest throughout the 10°–30° S using multivariate regression. One hundred and sixteen specimens were captured, comprising 9 species and 3 families: Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. Capture success was 0.0008 ind/m²h, with a diversity index (H’) of 1.623; dominance (BP) of 0.4783; evenness (J’) of 0.7385, and expected richness of 11 species. Sturnira lilium had the highest capture rate. There was a significant relationship between latitude and capture success and richness (CS: R² = 0.64, p = 0.0005; S: R² = 0.28, p = 0.0473). Distribution and abundance of bats at the regional scale was related to latitude as well as the differentiation of assemblages in the Atlantic Rainforest.

Assembleia de quirópteros de um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual do sul do Brasil e gradientes latitudinais na diversidade de espécies. A riqueza observada e esperada, o sucesso de captura, a diversidade, a dominância e a equitabilidade (evenness), bem como a influência da latitude sobre estas variáveis em escala regional, foram avaliados, considerando-se a quiropterofauna de um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As amostragens transcorreram de julho de 2008 a junho de 2010 por meio de oito redes de neblina instaladas ao nível do solo. Assim, foi possível descrever a quiropterofauna e compará-la, usando-se regressão multivariada, com outros estudos realizados na Mata Atlântica ao longo de um gradiente de 10° a 30° S. Capturaram-se 116 indivíduos pertencentes a nove espécies e três famílias, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae e Molossidae. O sucesso de captura foi 0.0008 ind/m²h. O índice de diversidade (H’) foi 1.623, dominância (BP), 0.4783, evenness (J’), 0.7385, e a riqueza esperada compreendeu 11 espécies. Sturnira lilium registrou o maior número de capturas. Encontrou-se relação significativa entre latitude e sucesso de captura e riqueza (SC: R² = 0.64, p = 0.0005; S: R² = 0.28, p = 0.0473). A distribuição e a abundância de morcegos, em escala regional, estão relacionadas com a latitude, assim como a diferenciação das assembleias na Mata Atlântica.

Bat assemblages from mountain forest areas in the Serra Negra region, southeastern Brazil

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The aim of this work was to describe the community composition of bats in mountain forest areas in the Serra Negra region, southeastern Brazil, and to compare species diversity and richness between the southern and northern slopes of mountain chain. During November 2007 to March 2010 a total of 608 captures of 19 bat species belonging to families Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae were obtained with mist-nets. Phyllostomidae constituted approximately 97% of the captures, represented by 15 species, and Vespertilionidae nearly 3% of the captures, represented by 4 species. Sturnira lilium was the most frequently captured species (n = 207), followed by Carollia perspicillata (n = 154), Desmodus rotundus (n = 98) and Artibeus lituratus (n = 50). The number of species found (19) is close to the richness estimated by Chao 1 index (21.7). There was no difference in Simpson diversity indices between the slopes, and rarefaction analysis also showed that there was no difference in species richness. The relative abundance of species was different between northern and southern slopes of Serra Negra, as noted by differences in captures of the most common species. Although the availability of food resources was not directly assessed, some data previously recorded in Serra Negra suggest that the presence of more abundant species may be linked to the availability of food resources.

Ensambles de murciélagos de los bosques montanos en la región de Serra Negra, sudeste del Brasil. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la composición de la comunidad de murciélagos en las zonas boscosas de montaña en la región de Serra Negra, sudeste de Brasil, y comparar la diversidad y riqueza de especies entre las laderas sur y norte. Durante noviembre 2007 hasta marzo 2010 se obtuvieron con redes de niebla un total de 608 capturas de 19 especies de murciélagos pertenecientes a las familias Phyllostomidae y Vespertilionidae. Phyllostomidae constituyó el 97.4% de las capturas, lo que representa 15 especies; Vespertilionidae conformó el 3% de las capturas, con 4 especies. Sturnira lilium fue la especie más frecuentemente capturada (n = 207), seguida de Carollia perspicillata (n = 154), Desmodus rotundus (n = 98) y Artibeus lituratus (n = 50). El número de especies encontradas (19) está muy cerca de la riqueza estimada por Chao 1 índice (21.7). No hubo diferencia en los índices de diversidad de Simpson entre las pistas, y los análisis de rarificación también mostraron que no había diferencia en la riqueza de especies. La principal diferencia entre las pendientes radica en la composición de la comunidad, como se ha señalado por las diferencias en las capturas de las especies más comunes. A pesar que la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios no se evaluó directamente, observaciones personales y los datos florísticos registrados previamente en Serra Negra sugieren que la presencia de las especies más abundantes de quirópteros está ligada a la disponibilidad de recursos alimenticios.

The agouti Dasyprocta leporina (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) as seed disperser of the palm Astrocaryum aculeatissimum

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Some large-seeded plants depend heavily on agoutis for seedling recruitment. The importance of Dasyprocta leporina as seed disperser of the Atlantic Forest palm Astrocaryum aculeatissimum was evaluated using camera-traps and seed removal experiments. Agoutis were registered at 67% of the records obtained through the monitoring of mature fruits; palms were visited from 07:00 to 18:45 h. Dispersal distances ranged from 0.5 to 48.7 m (mean ± sd = 6.8 ± 9.1 m) and most of the removed seeds were buried (57.8%). These results corroborate the importance of agoutis for the seed dispersal of Astrocaryum palms.

A cutia Dasyprocta leporina (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) como dispersor de sementes da palmeira Astrocaryum aculeatissimum. Algumas plantas de sementes grandes são fortemente dependentes de cutias para o recrutamento de suas plântulas. A importância de Dasyprocta leporina como dispersora de sementes da palmeira da Mata Atlântica Astrocaryum aculeatissimum foi avaliado com o uso de armadilhas fotográficas e experimentos de remoção de sementes. Cutias foram observadas em 67% dos registros obtidos durante o monitoramento de frutos maduros; as palmeiras foram visitadas entre 07:00 e 18:45 h. As distâncias de dispersão variaram de 0.5 a 48.7 m (media ± dp = 6.8 ± 9.1 m) e a maioria das sementes removidas foram enterradas (57.8%). Estes resultados confirmam a importância de cutias para a dispersão de sementes de palmeiras do gênero Astrocaryum.

El uso de modelos predictivos de distribución para el diseño de muestreos de especies poco conocidas

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La utilidad de los modelos predictivos de distribución a la hora de ofrecer representaciones fiables está seriamente cuestionada cuando se trata de especies con pocas localidades conocidas. En este trabajo proponemos que, sin embargo, técnicas como estas pueden servir de ayuda para el diseño de futuros muestreos destinados a colectar nuevas observaciones de este tipo de especies y, con limitaciones, para evaluar el posible grado de disminución en el área de distribución original debido a los cambios en el uso del suelo. Utilizando tres técnicas de modelación distintas que únicamente utilizan datos de presencia fiables, este trabajo busca identificar áreas favorables con capacidad para albergar poblaciones no detectadas de las especies menos conocidas de mamíferos no voladores de la provincia de Misiones, República Argentina. También se analiza el grado de retracción que han podido sufrir las áreas potenciales de distribución con los cambios en el uso del suelo.

The use of predictive distribution models for planning surveys of little known species. The usefulness of predictive distribution models to provide a reliable representation is seriously questioned in the case of species with few well known localities. However, we propose in this paper that these techniques may be valuable for the design of future samplings devoted to collect new observations of little known species and, with limitations, to evaluate the possible extent of decrease in the original distribution area due to land use changes. With three different modelling techniques that use only reliable presence data, this study identified favourable areas with the capacity to support undetected populations of the lesser known species of non-flying mammals in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The probable degree of contraction in potential distribution area due to land use changes is also estimated.

New distribution records of the silky anteater Cyclopes didactylus (Pilosa, Cyclopedidae) in coastal northeastern Brazil

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The silky anteater Cyclopes didactylus is one of the least studied xenarthrans. Its range extends from tropical Mexico south into Central and South America. The aim of this study was to determine the range of a historically isolated population of C. didactylus in coastal northeastern Brazil. Data on sightings, donations, and confiscations of C. didactylus were obtained from regional offices of the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Renováveis (IBAMA). The silky anteater’s area of distribution in the northeastern Atlantic forest seems to be larger than previously reported and includes the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Alagoas.

Nuevos registros de distribución del serafín del platanar Cyclopes didactylus (Pilosa, Cyclopedidae) en el nordeste costero de Brasil. Cyclopes didactylus es uno de los xenartros menos estudiados. Su distribución abarca zonas tropicales de México, Centroamérica y Sudamérica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la extensión de una población de C. didactylus aislada históricamente en la costa noreste de Brasil. Se obtuvo información sobre avistamientos, donaciones y decomisos de C. didactylus de las oficinas regionales del Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Renováveis (IBAMA). El área de distribución del serafín del platanar en la selva atlántica nordestina parece ser más amplia de lo conocido e incluye los estados de Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco y Alagoas.

Estudo populacional de gambás, Didelphis albiventris (Mammalia, Didelphidae), em um pequeno fragmento florestal

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Os gambás são animais generalistas em termos ecológicos, tendo, em geral, abundância aumentada em fragmentados florestais. Sendo assim, eles são importantes indicadores para o entendimento da dinâmica desses fragmentos. Foi estudada, ao longo de 1 ano, uma população de gambás (Didelphis albiventris) em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual de 7 ha e seu entorno agrícola. Estimaram-se, mensalmente, a abundância populacional, a composição etária e a proporção sexual. Foi possível constatar dois movimentos dos indivíduos entre as áreas estudadas (fragmento e entorno). A flutuação populacional apresentou um padrão anual com um pico populacional na estação seca.

Population study of white-eared-opossum, Didelphis albiventris (Mammalia, Didelphidae), in a small forest fragment. The white-eared-opossums are habitat generalist animals and occur in high abundance in forest fragments. Therefore these animals are important to understand the dynamics of this landscape. The population of Didelphis albiventris in a 7 ha stational semidecidual forest fragment and its agricultural surroundings was studied during one year. The population abundance, age structure and sex ratio were estimated monthly. Two movements between the fragment and the surrounding area were detected. The population dynamics showed an annual pattern with a high peak during the dry season.

Discovery of the first wild population of the small red brocket deer Mazama bororo (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)

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Mazama bororo was described from a few captive specimens in Brazil by cytogenetic and morphological characters. These specimens supposedly originated in the Southern Atlantic Forest; however, no wild population has been reported. This study was initiated in 1998 to investigate the presence of this species in forest remnants of the Paranapiacaba mountain range, south São Paulo State, Brazil. Five specimens were captured between 2000 and 2002. Cytogenetic analysis from blood samples confirmed its specific identification, documenting the first population of small red brocket deer at the Intervales State Park.

Descubrimiento de la primera población silvestre de la pequeña corzuela roja Mazama bororo (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Mazama bororo fue descrita a partir de algunos ejemplares cautivos en Brasil, a través de caracteres citogenéticos y morfológicos. El origen estimado de estos animales indicaba la presencia de la especie al sur del Bosque Atlántico, pero no se había reportado hasta la actualidad ninguna población en estado silvestre. Este estudio se inició en 1998 con el objetivo de investigar la presencia de la especie en remanentes de bosque en la Sierra del Paranapiacaba, al sur del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Fueron capturados cinco especímenes entre 2000 y 2002. Los análisis citogenéticos de muestras sanguíneas confirmaron la identidad específica, reportándose la primera población de corzuela roja pequeña en el Parque Estatal Intervales.