Keyword: small mammals

El ensamble de micromamíferos del Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo, provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina

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El Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo (PNBPJ), situado en la provincia de Santa Cruz, es un área silvestre destinada a la protección de la Estepa Patagónica, una de las ecorregiones más vulnerables y de máxima prioridad de conservación. Estudiamos la composición específica, abundancia relativa, riqueza y diversidad de los micromamíferos del PNBPJ, pobremente documentada hasta el momento. Durante marzo de 2010, 2011, 2012 y 2013 realizamos capturas en los ambientes más representativos del PNBPJ (cañadones, estepa arbustiva y estepa subarbustiva); y presentamos los resultados del análisis de egagrópilas de Tyto alba y Bubo magellanicus recolectadas ocasionalmente entre los meses de enero y abril de 2002, 2004 y 2009 en el área protegida. Identificamos un total de 10 especies de micromamíferos: Lestodelphys halli, Abrothrix olivacea, Eligmodontia morgani, Notiomys edwardsii, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis xanthopygus, Reithrodon auritus, Euneomys chinchilloides, Microcavia australis, y Ctenomys magellanicus. La especie más abundante en las capturas fue Eligmodontia morgani (67.55%) y no existieron diferencias significativas en las abundancias de las distintas especies entre los tres ambientes muestreados. La estepa subarbustiva presentó unos valores de riqueza y diversidad específica ligeramente inferiores a los de los otros dos ambientes, cuyos valores fueron muy similares entre sí. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con lo esperado para ensambles de micromamíferos de áreas no protegidas asociados con el Macizo del Deseado y el valle del río Deseado, donde se localiza el PNBPJ. Se discuten las características del ensamble del PNBPJ desde el punto de vista eco-geográfico, y se comparan con ensambles similares situados en la misma latitud.

The small mammal assemblage from Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The National Park Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo (PNBPJ), located in Santa Cruz Province, is a wild area designed to protect the Patagonian Steppe, which is considered one of the most vulnerable ecoregions and a priority for conservation. We studied species composition, relative abundance, richness and biodiversity of the small mammal assemblage of PNBPJ. During March 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, we captured small mammals in three environments of PNBPJ (ravines, shrub-steppes and open shrub-steppes); we also present the results of the analysis of pellets belonging to Tyto alba and Bubo magellanicus collected opportunistically in the protected area from January to April 2002, 2004 and 2009. We identified 10 small mammal species: Lestodelphys halli, Abrothrix olivacea, Eligmodontia morgani, Notiomys edwardsii, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis xanthopygus, Reithrodon auritus, Euneomys chinchilloides, Microcavia australis, and Ctenomys magellanicus. The most abundant species, in terms of number of captures, was Eligmodontia morgani (67.55%). No significant differences in abundance were found among the three sampled environments. Using only trapping data, there was a slight difference in the number of species found in open shrub-steppes (5) than in the other environments (6 species); diversity was also lowest in open shrub-steppes. The assemblages of PNBPJ were similar to those reported for surrounding non-protected areas in the Deseado Massif and Río Deseado Valley. The characteristics of the small mammal assemblage are discussed from an eco-geographic perspective and compared with similar assemblages located at similar latitudes.

Habitat complexity and small mammal diversity along an elevational gradient in southern Mexico

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We tested the hypothesis that habitat complexity explains alpha diversity of nonvolant small mammals along an elevational gradient in southern Mexico. During October–November 2003, we conducted fieldwork on the Pacific slope of El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve. Small mammal trapping was conducted using standardized techniques (trap lines and pitfalls) along an elevational gradient between 500 and 2100 m elevation. Habitat assessment as indicated by vegetation complexity and diversity was conducted at each site (N = 12). Nine species and 148 individuals were captured in 8400 trap-nights. Results indicate that non volant small mammal diversity increases with habitat complexity. In addition, our study shows that the spatial pattern of diversity cannot be attributed to spatial autocorrelation.

Complejidad de hábitat y diversidad de mamíferos pequeños en un gradiente altitudinal en el sur de México. Probamos la hipótesis de que la complejidad del hábitat explica la diversidad (diversidad alfa) de mamíferos pequeños no voladores a lo largo de un gradiente de elevación en el sur de México. El trabajo de campo se realizó entre octubre y noviembre de 2003, en la vertiente del Pacífico de la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo. La captura de mamíferos pequeños se llevó a cabo utilizando técnicas estandarizadas (líneas de trampeo y trampas de caída) a lo largo del gradiente de 500 a 2100 m de elevación. El hábitat fue evaluado con base en la complejidad y diversidad de la vegetación en cada sitio evaluado (N = 12). Nueve especies y 148 individuos fueron capturados en 8400 noches-trampa. Los resultados indican que la diversidad de mamíferos pequeños aumenta con la complejidad del hábitat. Además, nuestro estudio muestra que el patrón espacial de la diversidad encontrado no está influenciado por la autocorrelación espacial.

Mamíferos del pedemonte de Yungas de la alta cuenca del río Bermejo en Argentina: una línea de base de diversidad

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Las Yungas albergan gran parte de la biodiversidad presente en Argentina, siendo la Alta Cuenca del Río Bermejo (ACRB) un área prioritaria de conservación. Numerosos mamíferos de Yungas han sufrido retracciones de su distribución por lo que el conocimiento sobre diversidad y estatus de sus poblaciones es imprescindible. Se reportan resultados de inventarios para 22 localidades de pedemonte de la ACRB. Se describe la composición de especies para todos los grupos y, para micromamíferos, la riqueza, dominancia y abundancia relativa. Se registraron 74 especies de mamíferos para la ACRB. La riqueza y dominancia fueron 27.5 (estimador Chao 1, S*) y 0.47 (índice de Simpson, D) para quirópteros, y 17 (S*) y 0.24 (D) para micromamíferos terrestres. Sturnira lilium, Akodon simulator y Euryoryzomys legatus fueron notablemente más abundantes que el resto de las especies. Diez especies se capturaron solo en la temporada seca y ocho durante la húmeda. La riqueza y dominancia para ambos grupos fue prácticamente la misma al comparar entre estaciones. Para quirópteros se observó una especie (Lasiurus blossevillii) con una mayor abundancia relativa durante la temporada húmeda pero no se registraron diferencias para micromamíferos terrestres.

Mammals of the piedmont of Yungas in the Alta Cuenca del Río Bermejo in Argentina: a diversity base-line. Yungas forests harbor a great part of the biodiversity in Argentina, being the Alta Cuenca del Río Bermejo (ACRB) a high-priority area for conservation. Because many of Yungas mammals have suffered retractions of their distribution, studies about their diversity and population status are essential. We report results of rapid biodiversity assessments for 22 localities of Yungas premontane forest of the ACRB. We describe the community composition for all taxonomic groups of mammals and we estimated, for micromammals, species richness, dominance and relative abundance. We documented 74 species of mammals for the ACRB. The species richness and dominance were 27.5 (Chao 1 estimator, S*) and 0.47 (Simpson index, D) for bats, and 17 (S*) and 0.24 (D) for non volant mammals. Sturnira lilium, Akodon simulator and Euryoryzomys legatus were notably more abundant than other species. Ten species were caught exclusively in the dry season and eight during the wet season. Species richness and dominance for both species groups were very similar among seasons. For bats we observed one species (Lasiurus blossevillii) with a higher relative abundance during the humid season but we do not register differences for non volant micromammals.

Micromamíferos (Didelphimorphia y Rodentia) del Parque Nacional Lihué Calel, La Pampa, Argentina

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Se estudió la comunidad de pequeños mamíferos terrestres (< 500 g) del Parque Nacional Lihué Calel (37° 57′ S, 65° 33′ O, provincia de La Pampa, Argentina) en 1993 y entre los años 2003 y 2006. Se documentaron datos sobre hábitat, ecología, reproducción y estructura de la población en los marsupiales Lestodelphys halli y Thylamys pallidior, los cricétidos Akodon azarae, Akodon molinae, Calomys musculinus, Eligmodontia typus, Graomys griseoflavus, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus y Reithrodon auritus, y los caviomorfos Ctenomys cf. C. azarae, Galea musteloides, Microcavia australis y Tympanoctomys barrerae.

Small mammals (Didelphimorphia and Rodentia) from Parque Nacional Lihué Calel, La Pampa Province, Argentina. We studied the terrestrial small mammal (< 500 g) assemblage from Parque Nacional Lihué Calel (37° 57′ S, 65° 33′ W, La Pampa Province, Argentina) in 1993 and 2003–2006. Information about habitat, ecology, reproduction, and population structure is provided for the didelphid marsupials Lestodelphys halli and Thylamys pallidior, the cricetid rodents Akodon azarae, Akodon molinae, Calomys musculinus, Eligmodontia typus, Graomys griseoflavus, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, and Reithrodon auritus, and the caviomorph rodents Ctenomys cf. C. azarae, Galea musteloides, Microcavia australis, and Tympanoctomys barrerae.

Micromamíferos del sector oriental de la altiplanicie del Somuncurá (Río Negro, Argentina)

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Sobre la base de material proveniente de egagrópilas y ejemplares trampeados en 10 localidades se brindan los primeros datos documentados para pequeños mamíferos en el sector oriental de la altiplanicie del Somuncurá. Las especies brevemente tratadas en esta nota son (en orden alfabético): Didelphimorphia: Lestodelphys halli y Thylamys sp.;
Rodentia: Abrothrix longipilis, A. olivaceus, Akodon iniscatus, A. molinae, Calomys cf. C. musculinus, Ctenomys sp., Eligmodontia sp., Euneomys petersoni, Galea musteloides,
Graomys griseoflavus, Microcavia australis, Notiomys edwardsii, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Phyllotis xanthopygus y Reithrodon auritus.

Small mammals from the Eastern sector of Somuncurá plateau (Río Negro, Argentina). We present the first data on small mammals for the Somuncurá basaltic plateau based on materials recovered from owl pellets and trapped individuals representing 10 localities. The briefly addressed species are (in alphabetical order): Didelphimorphia: Lestodelphys halli and Thylamys sp.; Rodentia: Abrothrix longipilis, A. olivaceus, Akodon iniscatus, A. molinae, Calomys cf. C. musculinus, Ctenomys sp., Eligmodontia sp., Euneomys petersoni, Galea musteloides, Graomys griseoflavus, Microcavia australis, Notiomys edwardsii, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Phyllotis xanthopygus, and Reithrodon auritus.

Habitat use and natural history of small mammals in the central Paraguayan Chaco

I conducted a small mammal trapping study in the central Paraguayan Chaco region of South America to investigate habitat selection by small mammals at different spatial scales. Small mammals were collected in forest, successional thorn scrub, pasture, and crop fields representing both relatively undisturbed habitats and agroecosystems. A total of 1,089 small mammals representing 13 species were captured during 23296 trap nights. Pastures had the highest species richness as well as the highest number of captures. Some small mammal species such as Calomys laucha and Akodon toba were captured in a variety of habitats whereas others like Holochilus chacarius and Bolomys lasiurus were captured almost exclusively in pastures. Principal components analysis distinguished small mammal species primarily associated with agricultural habitats (e.g. Calomys spp.) from those associated with more wooded habitats (e.g. Graomys griseoflavus and Oligoryzomys chacoensis). These results corroborate other studies on habitat use by small mammals in this region, but with some notable exceptions, such as the first documentation of high densities of Calomys musculinus in western Paraguay.

Dinâmica populacional de marsupiais e roedores no Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Ilha de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

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Population dynamics of marsupials and rodents in Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. A two-year mark-recapture study of small mammals was conducted in an area of Atlantic Forest hillside in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Four species of marsupial and seven species of rodent were captured during 12132 trap nights. Aspects of population dynamics and natural history are discussed for each common species. The sex ratio was biased toward males for all species. Oryzomys russatus, Didelphis aurita and Akodon montensis had the highest population densities, the least amount of variation in population density and an inverse relationship between survivorship rates and population densities. Micoureus paraguayanus, Nectomys squamipes and O. angouya registered the higher population densities after continual survivorship rates. The recruitment rates were low for most species (< 50%), with some, M. paraguayanus, Lutreolina crassicaudata, Oligoryzomys nigripes, O. angouya and Oxymycterus aff. judex, disappearing occasionally from the study area. The survivorship rates were high for most species (> 50%). Population densities of D. aurita, O. nigripes and O. aff. judex increased in cold and dry periods. The marsupials reproduced seasonally from late winter until the end of the summer, whereas rodents reproduced throughout the year. No species were long-lived, with average life-span < six months.

Small mammal selection and functional response in the diet of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Mammalia: Canidae), In southeast Brazil

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Data reported here are intended to describe patterns of predation by a solitary hunter, as well as to bring new insights into the predator-prey relationship in the Neotropical region. The goal of this study was to verify if there was small mammal selection in the diet of the maned wolf. Also, we attempt to test for a functional response in relation to the consumption of small mammals. The study was carried out in the Ecological Station of Itirapina (ESI), São Paulo, Brazil. Faeces collection and small mammal abundance survey by pitfall trapping were conducted simultaneously during 2000–2002. The maned wolf was selective in the consumption of small mammals. Calomys tener and Oligoryzomys nigripes (Muridae) were consumed less than expected by chance, whereas Clyomys bishopi (Echimyidae) was preyed on more than expected. We did not detect a clear functional response by this canid in the ESI to overall shifts in abundance of small mammals. However, prey switching was detected by an increase in diet diversity in the wet season when small mammals become less available.

Human use and small mammal communities of Araucaria forests in Neuquén, Argentina

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Small mammals were sampled in five closed, humid, Araucaria araucana forests that differed in the degree of anthropogenic disturbance in southwestern Neuquén Province. Nine species were captured in 3416 trap nights. Abrothrix longipilis and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus made up 88% of all captures. Small mammal relative abundance was 52 times higher where grazing was absent compared to a site with intense grazing pressure. Seed predation, primarily by livestock and feral exotic mammals, varied from 59.7% to 15.1% of marked seeds per day. Small mammal community productivity and composition were correlated with understory structure (Mantel test, r = 0.529, p = 0.04), and with rates of seed predation (r = -0.91, n = 4, p = 0.08). Forests with less complex understories had fewer captures and lower mammal diversity. Exotic large mammals appear to affect native small mammals by simplifying the structure of the forest understory and by competing for seeds. Four native species (Abrothrix longipilis, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, Chelemys macronyx, and Irenomys tarsalis) ate Araucaria piñones. Anthropogenic changes in small mammal communities indicate that management of feral and domestic mammals needs to be a prominent part of the conservation of these majestic forests.

Padrão de atividade de Akodon montensis e Oryzomys russatus na reserva Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil

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Padrão de atividade de Akodon montensis e Oryzomys russatus na Reserva Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. São apresentadas informações preliminares sobre o padrão de atividade de duas espécies de roedores em uma área de Floresta Atlântica do sul do Brasil. Sistemas com relógios analógicos foram usados para determinar o horário de captura de pequenos mamíferos e um modelo exponencial negativo foi usado para transformar o número de capturas no padrão de atividade de cada espécie. Foram capturadas três espécies de roedores e três de marsupiais em armadilhas com estes sistemas, porém, analisou-se apenas o padrão de atividade das duas espécies mais abundantes, A. montensis e O. russatus. Os padrões de atividade destas duas espécies foram significativamente diferentes (p < 0.05). A primeira espécie foi caracterizada como possuindo padrão de atividade bicrepuscular enquanto a segunda como noturna. Os padrões de atividade registrados para estas espécies simpátricas podem ter um importante papel na partição de recursos.

Activity patterns of Akodon montensis and Oryzomys russatus in Volta Velha Reserve, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The results of this paper give preliminary information on activity patterns of two rodents in an Atlantic Forest area in southern Brazil. Analogical watches were used to determine the capture time of small mammals and a negative exponential model was used to transform the number of captures in each activity period. Three rodents and three marsupials were captured in traps with systems, but activity patterns were determined for only two rodents species, A. montensis and O. russatus. The activity patterns of these two species were significantly different (p < 0.05). The first species had activity characterized as a twilight pattern and the second species had activity characterized as a nocturnal pattern. These activity patterns may have an important role in resource partitioning of the sympatric species.

Patrón de actividad de Akodon montensis y Oryzomys russatus en la
Reserva Volta Velha, Santa Catarina, sur de Brasil. Son presentadas informaciones preliminares sobre el patrón de actividad de dos especies de roedores en una selva Atlántica del sur de Brasil. Sistemas con relojes analógicos fueron usados para determinar el horario de captura de pequeños mamíferos y un modelo exponencial negativo fue usado para transformar el número de capturas en el patrón de actividad de las dos especies más abundantes, A. montensis y O. russatus. Los patrones de actividad de estas dos especies fueron significativamente diferentes (p < 0.05). La primera especie fue caracterizada como poseedora de un patrón de actividad bicrepuscular y la segunda como nocturna. Los patrones de actividad registrados para estas especies simpátricas pueden tener un importande papel en la repartición de recursos.